{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:23:39Z","timestamp":1775489019285,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["comp med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) remains a significant problem for human and animal health and can negatively affect the health status of macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHP) in research colonies. However, few publications provide guidance on the prevalence, genotype, or risk factors for macaques with MRSA and even fewer on how to effectively respond to MRSA once identified in a population. After having a clinical case of MRSA in a rhesus macaque, we sought to determine the MRSA carrier prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of MRSA in a population of research NHPs. Over a 6-wk period in 2015, we collected nasal swabs from 298 NHPs. MRSA was isolated from 28% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 83). We then reviewed each macaque's medical record for a variety of variables including animal housing room, sex, age, number of antibiotic courses, number of surgical interventions, and SIV status. Analysis of these data suggests that MRSA carriage is associated with the room location, age of the animal, SIV status, and the number of antibiotic courses. We used multilocus sequence typing and<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>typing on a subset of MRSA and MSSA isolates to determine whether the MRSA present in NHPs was comparable with common human strains. Two MRSA sequence types were predominant: ST188 and a novel MRSA genotype, neither of which is a common human isolate in the United States. We subsequently implemented antimicrobial stewardship practices (significantly reducing antimicrobial use) and then resampled the colony in 2018 and found that MRSA carriage had fallen to 9% (26\/285). These data suggest that, as in humans, macaques may have a high carrier status of MRSA despite low clinically apparent disease. Implementing strategic antimicrobial stewardship practices resulted in a marked reduction in MRSA carriage in the NHP colony, highlighting the importance of limiting antimicrobial use when possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30802\/aalas-cm-22-000018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T01:05:31Z","timestamp":1679360731000},"page":"134-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus Aureus<\/i>Prevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility"],"prefix":"10.30802","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Matthew W","family":"Breed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland;, Email: matthew.breed@nih.gov"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah L","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Animal Hospital, Salem, Virginia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer E","family":"Villaruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Scott","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory W","family":"Alvord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan E","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franchasca","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua 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