{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1775798624293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. are zoonotic protozoal pathogens, spread by a fecal-oral route, which can infect a wide range of hosts including but not limited to dogs and humans. <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> was recently estimated to be present in 37% to 50% of kennel-housed dogs. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infections in kennel-housed dogs have been reported in 7% to 21% of the population. The goal of this study was to define demographic factors and fecal scores associated with positive screening test cases of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in kennel-housed laboratory dogs in the state of Texas. Fecal samples were collected from 153 clinically normal laboratory dogs at an academic research facility and a local laboratory dog supplier. We used 3 diagnostic tests evaluated in parallel to determine test positivity to each organism: a human point-of-care coproantigen test, a direct immunofluorescent assay, and an in-house polymerase chain reaction. Dogs were significantly more likely to test positive for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> (45%) than <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> (7%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Dogs that were 18\u2009mo of age or younger had 3 times the odds (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) of subclinical <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> infection compared with older dogs. We found no significant relationship between age and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> prevalence. Dogs with hard feces (fecal score 1-2) at the time of screening had 0.34 times lower odds (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049) of testing positive for <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> than dogs with normal feces, but no statistically significant relationship was found between fecal score and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>-positive test status. With these findings, we demonstrated the value of considering age and fecal score when choosing which dogs to screen for subclinical <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>. Additional studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to determine the relationship between age and fecal score and subclinical <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30802\/aalas-cm-24-000007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T01:06:24Z","timestamp":1712106384000},"page":"92-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of Factors Associated with Subclinical Infections of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium canis in Kennel-Housed Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)"],"prefix":"10.30802","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Loni A","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriam N","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C","family":"Kneese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy H","family":"Vemulapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine M","family":"Budke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme G","family":"Verocai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"12258","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in dogs in Osaka, Japan","volume":"108","author":"AbeN","year":"2002","unstructured":"AbeN, SawanoY, YamadaK, KimataI, IsekiM. 2002. 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