{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:25:27Z","timestamp":1784309127319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was eliminated on the island of Saint Kitts in the 1950s after an intense program that targeted the snail intermediate host and improved sanitation. However, recently, 3 cases of schistosomiasis were identified in green monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Chlorocebus sabaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) imported from Saint Kitts over a period of 5 months from December 2023 to April 2024. The 3 cases each had hepatic manifestations of the disease. In addition, one animal had disseminated disease affecting the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and lung and is the first described case of neuroschistosomiasis in a non-human primate (NHP) due to infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.30802\/aalas-jaalas-25-079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:51:18Z","timestamp":1759798278000},"page":"1131-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Three Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) Originating from Saint Kitts"],"prefix":"10.30802","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Michael A","family":"Eckhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J","family":"Bearss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M","family":"Fleischmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ketzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Lavinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Beierschmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts, West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Plunkard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W","family":"Salyards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12258","reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"bib1","series-title":"Acta Trop.","first-page":"242","article-title":"Wild and domesticated animals as reservoirs of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil","volume":"108","author":"Modena CM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Modena CM, dos Santos Lima W, Coelho PMZ. Wild and domesticated animals as reservoirs of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil. Acta Trop. 2008;108(2\u20133):242\u2013244."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.","first-page":"e0008538","article-title":"Genetic evidence for the role of non-human primates as reservoir hosts for human schistosomiasis","volume":"14","author":"Kebede T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kebede T, Bech N, Allienne JF, Olivier R, Erko B, Boissier J. Genetic evidence for the role of non-human primates as reservoir hosts for human schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(9):e0008538."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg.","first-page":"2278","article-title":"Identification of Schistosoma mansoni infection in a nonhuman primate from St. Kitts more than 50 years after interruption of human transmission","volume":"103","author":"Ketzis JK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ketzis JK, Lejeune M, Branford I, Beierschmitt A, Willingham AL. Identification of Schistosoma mansoni infection in a nonhuman primate from St. Kitts more than 50 years after interruption of human transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(6):2278\u20132281."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Z Parasitenkd.","first-page":"179","article-title":"The susceptibility to praziquantel of Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (Papio anubis) and of S. japonicum in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)","volume":"52","author":"James C","year":"1977","unstructured":"James C, Webbe G, Nelson GS. The susceptibility to praziquantel of Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (Papio anubis) and of S. japonicum in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Z Parasitenkd. 1977;52(2):179\u2013194."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"An Atlas of Metazoan Parasites in Animal Tissues.","author":"Gardiner CH","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gardiner CH, Poynton SL. An Atlas of Metazoan Parasites in Animal Tissues. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1999."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Res Rep Trop Med.","first-page":"153","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: still a cause of significant morbidity and mortality","volume":"10","author":"Verjee MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verjee MA. Schistosomiasis: still a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Res Rep Trop Med. 2020;10:153\u2013163. doi:10.2147\/rrtm.s204345."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp).","first-page":"86","article-title":"Insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of schistosomiasis","volume":"14","author":"Ponzo E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ponzo E, Midiri A, Manno A, Pastorello M, Biondo C, Mancuso G. Insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2024;14(2):86\u201396."},{"key":"bib8","article-title":"Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) treatment & management. Approach considerations, corticosteroids, outpatient care","author":"Ahmed SH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed SH. Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) treatment & management. Approach considerations, corticosteroids, outpatient care. Medscape. October 29, 2024. Accessed June 24, 2025. https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/228392-treatment."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib9","series-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther.","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis in children in the era of intensified control","volume":"11","author":"Knopp S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knopp S, Becker SL, Ingram KJ, Keiser J, Utzinger J. Diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis in children in the era of intensified control. 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