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First, parents\u2019 role construction defines parents\u2019 beliefs about what they are supposed to do in their children\u2019s education and appears to establish the basic range of activities that parents construe as important, necessary, and permissible for their own actions with and on behalf of children. Second, parents\u2019 sense of efficacy for helping their children succeed in school focuses on the extent to which parents believe that through their involvement they can exert positive influence on their children\u2019s educational outcomes. Third, general invitations, demands, and opportunities for involvement refer to parents\u2019 perceptions that the child and school want them to be involved. Hypotheses concerning the functioning of the three constructs in an additive model are suggested, as are implications for research and practice. Overall, the review suggests that even well-designed school programs inviting involvement will meet with only limited success if they do not address issues of parental role construction and parental sense of efficacy for helping children succeed in school.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543067001003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,7]],"date-time":"2008-03-07T13:37:03Z","timestamp":1204897023000},"page":"3-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1154,"title":["Why Do Parents Become Involved in Their Children\u2019s Education?"],"prefix":"10.3102","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Kathleen V.","family":"Hoover-Dempsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard M.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1604","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"b1-0670003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/1166081","volume":"53","author":"Alexander KL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development"},{"key":"b2-0670003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085991026001005"},{"key":"b3-0670003","volume-title":"A study of teachers\u2019 sense of efficacy. 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