{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1788188248993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nanchong Science and Technology Bureau","award":["20SXQT0056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SXQT0056"]}]},{"name":"Project of the North Sichuan Medical College","award":["CBY22-QNB04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBY22-QNB04"]}]},{"name":"Project of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Social Science Research of Nanchong City in 2022","award":["NC22C346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC22C346"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alpha Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psychological abuse and neglect are considered fundamental to the development of impulsiveness. However, the interplay between psychological abuse-neglect symptoms and impulsiveness dimensions remains unclear, especially during adolescence, a critical developmental stage. This study uses network analysis to explore the link between adolescent psychological abuse-neglect and impulsivity, aiming to inform targeted early interventions and treatment strategies for impulsive behaviors. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to gather demographic data from 6731 students across 17 middle schools. Clinical assessments utilized the Chinese Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale (CPANS). Network analysis explored associations between the six CPANS components and three impulsiveness dimensions. Centrality indices and stability indicators were calculated. Results: In the study population, 47.4% were female, and 68.4% were middle school students. Scolding (4.0 [1.0, 7.0]) scored highest in abuse, while Emotional Neglect (6.0 [2.0, 12.0]) scored highest in neglect. Among impulsive types, Non-planning Impulsiveness (47.5 [32.5, 60.0]) ranked highest. Emotional Neglect emerged as the central node in the network, with the greatest strength, closeness, and influence, while Non-planning Impulsiveness showed the highest correlation with centrality. All centrality indices had Correlation Stability (CS) coefficients of 0.75, with narrow 95% confidence intervals for edge weights. Conclusions: This study underscores the central role of emotional neglect in the development of impulsive traits in adolescents. Network analysis revealed that emotional neglect serves as a critical link between abuse-neglect and impulsivity, with non-planning impulsivity acting as a key mediator. The results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions, as well as addressing the impact of early traumatic experiences. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered at https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.html?proj=134138, registration number: ChiCTR2100052297, date of registration: 24 October 2021.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/ap44085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T01:12:04Z","timestamp":1751418724000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Core Symptoms Between Adolescent Psychological Abuse-Neglect and Impulsiveness: A Network Analysis"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqin","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailin","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-0379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, 637000 Nanchong, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Child Maltreatment. 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/child-maltreatment (Accessed: 5 November 2024)."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine. 2012; 9: e1001349.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Cheng H, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Cui Q, Zou H. The prevalence of child maltreatment among Chinese primary and middle school students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2020; 55: 1105\u20131119.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01916-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams JMG, Crane C, Barnhofer T, Brennan K, Duggan DS, Fennell MJV, et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing relapse in recurrent depression: a randomized dismantling trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2014; 82: 275\u2013286.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035036"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang X, Brown DS, Florence CS, Mercy JA. The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States and implications for prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2012; 36: 156\u2013165.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.10.006"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baker AJL, Brassard M. Predictors of variation in sate reported rates of psychological maltreatment: A survey of statutes and a call for change. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2019; 96: 104102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104102"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baker AJL, Brassard MR, Rosenzweig J. Psychological maltreatment: Definition and reporting barriers among American professionals in the field of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2021; 114: 104941.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.104941"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu F, Zhang Z, Chen L. Mediating effect of neuroticism and negative coping style in relation to childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students in China. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2020; 106: 104531.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104531"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui N, Xue J, Connolly CA, Liu J. Does the gender of parent or child matter in child maltreatment in China? Child Abuse & Neglect. 2016; 54: 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.01.003"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shin SH, Cook AK, Morris NA, McDougle R, Groves LP. The different faces of impulsivity as links between childhood maltreatment and young adult crime. Preventive Medicine. 2016; 88: 210\u2013217.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.03.022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang G, Feng Z. Impulsiveness indirectly affects suicidal ideation through depression and simultaneously moderates the indirect effect: A moderated mediation path model. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 913680.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.913680"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998; 14: 245\u2013258.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shorey RC, Brasfield H, Febres J, Stuart GL. The association between impulsivity, trait anger, and the perpetration of intimate partner and general violence among women arrested for domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2011; 26: 2681\u20132697.","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510388289"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hawes MT, Schwartz HA, Son Y, Klein DN. Predicting adolescent depression and anxiety from multi-wave longitudinal data using machine learning. Psychological Medicine. 2023; 53: 6205\u20136211.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003452"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen X, Li S. Serial mediation of the relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation by depression and hopelessness in depressed patients. BMC Public Health. 2023; 23: 1457.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16378-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nielsen JD, Mennies RJ, Olino TM. Application of a diathesis-stress model to the interplay of cortical structural development and emerging depression in youth. Clinical Psychology Review. 2020; 82: 101922.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101922"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braquehais MD, Oquendo MA, Baca-Garc\u00eda E, Sher L. Is impulsivity a link between childhood abuse and suicide? Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2010; 51: 121\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.05.003"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu RT. Childhood Maltreatment and Impulsivity: A Meta-Analysis and Recommendations for Future Study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2019; 47: 221\u2013243.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0445-3"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lavi I, Katz LF, Ozer EJ, Gross JJ. Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Maltreated Children: A Meta-Analysis. Child Development. 2019; 90: 1503\u20131524.","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13272"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Cramer AOJ, Boschloo L, Schoevers RA, Borsboom D. Mental disorders as networks of problems: a review of recent insights. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2017; 52: 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1319-z"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Pan C, Deng YL, Guan BQ, Luo XR. Reliability and validity of child psychological maltreatment scale. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2010; 18: 463\u2013465."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Yang HQ, Yao SQ, Zhu XZ, Auerbach RP, Abela JR, Tong X. The Chinese version of the barratt impulsiveness scale, 11th version (BIS-11) in adolescents: Its reliability and validity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2007; 15: 4\u20136."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borsboom D, Cramer AOJ. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2013; 9: 91\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Epskamp S, Fried EI. A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Psychological Methods. 2018; 23: 617\u2013634.","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry. 2015; 26: 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.940781"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teicher MH, Samson JA, Anderson CM, Ohashi K. The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2016; 17: 652\u2013666.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanson JL, Nacewicz BM, Sutterer MJ, Cayo AA, Schaefer SM, Rudolph KD, et al. Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Biological Psychiatry. 2015; 77: 314\u2013323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.04.020"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumari V. Emotional abuse and neglect: time to focus on prevention and mental health consequences. The British Journal of Psychiatry: the Journal of Mental Science. 2020; 217: 597\u2013599.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.154"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gama CMF, Portugal LCL, Gon\u00e7alves RM, de Souza Junior S, Vilete LMP, Mendlowicz MV, et al. The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment. BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21: 156.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03134-0"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evans GW, Li D, Whipple SS. Cumulative risk and child development. Psychological Bulletin. 2013; 139: 1342\u20131396.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031808"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loya JM, Benitez B, Kiluk BD. The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Impulsivity in Addictive Disorders: a Narrative Review. Current Addiction Reports. 2023; 10: 485\u2013493.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00491-6"}],"container-title":["Alpha Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/AP\/26\/3\/10.31083\/AP44085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T01:20:41Z","timestamp":1751419241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/AP\/26\/3\/10.31083\/AP44085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2757-8038(25)02042-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/ap44085","relation":{},"ISSN":["2757-8038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2757-8038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"article-number":"44085"}}