{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:08:45Z","timestamp":1777716525348,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou","award":["Y20240820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20240820"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br. J. Hosp. Med. (Lond)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims\/Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders with a gradually increasing global incidence, imposing healthcare burdens on patients. Effective long-term management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes and promoting disease remission. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of continuing care services combined with the shared outpatient management model in patients with T2DM. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 119 patients with T2DM who received treatment and follow-up consultation at Cangnan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2024 and December 2024. According to the different nursing methods used, patients were divided into a control group (n = 60, conventional T2DM management) and an observation group (n = 59, conventional T2DM management combined with continuous nursing and shared outpatient management). Continuing care service refers to follow-up and health education that extends from the hospital to the home. At the same time, the shared outpatient management model involves regular group visits that facilitate experience sharing and peer support among patients under multidisciplinary guidance. Clinical indicators, such as fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and disease remission rate, were compared between the two groups. Self-management behavior skills were evaluated across five key domains, including exercise, diet, foot care, blood glucose monitoring, and medication adherence. Results: At 3 and 6 months after intervention, patients in the observation group demonstrated significant improvements in several metabolic indicators compared to those in the control group. Specifically, fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose were significantly decreased in the observation group (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, BMI, and HbA1c were significantly improved in the observation group at 3- and 6-month follow-up time points (p &lt; 0.05). The self-management behavior assessment revealed that the total median score and scores for exercise, diet, foot care, blood glucose monitoring, and medication compliance were all significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (all p &lt; 0.05). The diabetes remission rate was 20.339% (12\/59) in the observation group, which was significantly higher than 6.667% (4\/60) in the control group (p = 0.029). Conclusion: The continuing care service combined with a shared outpatient management model can effectively improve the blood glucose control, islet function, and metabolic indicators in T2DM patients, and enhance their self-management ability, highlighting a positive clinical value of this integrated approach in promoting diabetes remission rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/bjhm49861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1777457843000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Continuous Nursing Plus Shared Outpatient Care on Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chunru","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Cangnan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325800 Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5575-9732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Cangnan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 325800 Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun P, Wen H, Liu X, Ma Y, Jang J, Yu C. Time trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence across the BRICS from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22: 65.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12485-y"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh A, Bocher O, Zeggini E. Insights into the molecular underpinning of type 2 diabetes complications. Human Molecular Genetics. 2025; 34: 469\u2013480.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddae203"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Yue H, Zhang X, Chen F, Xu J, Shao S. Recent progress of remission in type 2 diabetes. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2025; 16: 20420188251408210.","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188251408210"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riddle MC, Cefalu WT, Evans PH, Gerstein HC, Nauck MA, Oh WK, et al. Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44: 2438\u20132444.","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0034"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adler AI, Coleman RL, Leal J, Whiteley WN, Clarke P, Holman RR. Post-trial monitoring of a randomised controlled trial of intensive glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes extended from 10 years to 24 years (UKPDS 91). Lancet. 2024; 404: 145\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00537-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suits A, Gudoor R, Shubrook JH. Achieving Remission in the Era of Clinical Inertia: What Is Preventing Us from Treating Type 2 Diabetes? Diabetology. 2023; 4: 93\u2013107.","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology4010011"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mustapa A, Justine M, Manaf H. Effects of patient education on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. Malaysian Family Physician. 2022; 17: 22\u201332.","DOI":"10.51866\/rv.208"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKay JR. Digital approaches to continuing care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2022; 35: 259\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000801"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang W, Mao R, Liang Z, Liang Z, Wang R, Wang J, et al. Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the impact of shared medical appointments for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Primary Care. 2025; 26: 192.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-025-02875-1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toobert DJ, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE. The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23: 943\u2013950.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.943"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Addington KS, Kristiansen M, Hempler NF, Frimodt-M\u00f8ller M, Montori VM, Kunneman M, et al. Incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes and sociodemographic predictors of complications: A nationwide registry study. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2025; 39: 108942.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2024.108942"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u0142ynarska E, Czarnik W, Dzie\u017ca N, J\u0119draszak W, Majchrowicz G, Prusinowski F, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26: 1094.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031094"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nanda M, Sharma R, Mubarik S, Aashima A, Zhang K. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Spatial-temporal Patterns of Incidence, Mortality and Attributable Risk Factors from 1990 to 2019 among 21 World Regions. Endocrine. 2022; 77: 444\u2013454.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03125-5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie C, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Qi C, Wang W, An C, et al. Beyond Discrete Diagnoses: Conceptualizing Obesity-associated Metabolic Disorders as a Unified, Dynamic Continuum. Current Obesity Reports. 2025; 14: 81.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00673-5"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dunkel A, von Storch K, Hochheim M, Zank S, Polidori MC, Woopen C. Long-Term Effects of Transtheoretical Model-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Self-efficacy and Self-management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes - Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2025; 32: 45\u201357.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-024-10323-0"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swoboda CM, Miller CK, Wills CE. Impact of a goal setting and decision support telephone coaching intervention on diet, psychosocial, and decision outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes. Patient Education and Counseling. 2017; 100: 1367\u20131373.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.02.007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng Y, Zhao Y, Mao L, Gu M, Yuan H, Lu J, et al. The Effectiveness of an eHealth Family-Based Intervention Program in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Community Via WeChat: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2023; 11: e40420.","DOI":"10.2196\/40420"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Hospital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/87\/4\/10.31083\/BJHM49861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:18:44Z","timestamp":1777457924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/BJHM\/87\/4\/10.31083\/BJHM49861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S1750-8460(26)02615-0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/bjhm49861","relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-8460","1759-7390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-8460","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"article-number":"49861"}}