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Herbicides are the most widely used class of pesticides globally, yet they also have detrimental effects, while the rising cost of agricultural labor has recently driven a significant increase in herbicide use. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), three million cases of pesticide poisoning were reported. Certain herbicides may inhibit or promote specific microbial taxa, thereby altering community composition and functionality. These alterations can disrupt crucial soil processes, including nutrient cycling, organic matter degradation, and plant\u2013microbe interactions, potentially diminishing soil fertility and increasing vulnerability to pathogen invasions. Moreover, the duration and intensity of microbial responses are influenced by the persistence and bioavailability of herbicides in the soil, which can differ based on soil characteristics, climatic factors, and the patterns of herbicide application. This review emphasizes recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive microbial responses to herbicides, including modifications in gene expression, enzyme activity, and adaptive stress responses. Pre- and post-emergence herbicides alter soil microbial communities, reducing beneficial microbes, disrupting plant\u2013microbe interactions, and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility. However, the effects vary with herbicide type, soil properties, and environmental conditions. Thus, promoting alternative weed management and monitoring microbial responses can help maintain soil biodiversity and support sustainable agriculture. Moreover, by investigating both the immediate and long-term effects on microbial communities and ecosystem functioning, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of herbicide use on soil ecology and sustainability. This review is a concise draft on the mechanistic basis of herbicide effects on microbial population dynamics, focusing on how various herbicide classes affect microbial diversity, community structure, and metabolic activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/fbe43532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:24:22Z","timestamp":1790699062000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicide-Induced Shifts in Soil Microbial Communities: Effects on Population Dynamics, Mechanistic Insights, and Ecosystem Function"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-2555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6116-493X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-4449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jen-Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, 811 Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-6668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunita","family":"Meher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, 761211 Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta VVSR, Tiedje JM. Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales. MLife. 2024; 3: 21\u201341.","DOI":"10.1002\/mlf2.12116"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh MK, Singh NK, Singh SP. Impact of herbicide use on soil microorganisms. In Singh VP, Yadav S, Yadav G, Tripathi RD (eds.) Plant Responses to Soil Pollution (pp. 179\u2013194). Springer: Singapore. 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4964-9_11"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Devi PI, Thomas J, Raju RK. 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