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Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which significantly and negatively affects families and society. Aerobic exercise serves as a non-pharmacological strategy, potentially safeguarding against cognitive decline and lowering the risk of AD. However, how aerobic exercise ameliorates AD remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of two types of aerobic exercise, including aerobic interval training (AIT) and aerobic continuous training (ACT), on cognitive and exploratory function, brain histopathology, and hepatic amyloid beta (A\u03b2) clearance in amyloid precursor protein\/presenilin-1 double transgenic (APP\/PS1) transgenic mice. Methods: Twenty-four six-month-old male APP\/PS1 transgenic mice (body weight: 20\u201322 g) were used to establish the AD model. APP\/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: rest (AD group, n = 8), aerobic interval training (AIT group, n = 8), and aerobic continuous training (ACT group, n = 8). The exploration ability and anxiety of AD mice were measured using the open-field test. Learning and memory of AD mice were detected using the novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. Neuronal damage was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining. A\u03b2 deposition in the brain was detected using a thioflavin-S fluorescence assay and immunofluorescence. The mechanisms underlying hepatic A\u03b2 clearance were investigated using an immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey\u2019s post hoc test, and p &lt; 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: The results revealed that both AIT and ACT improved the recognition memory and exploration ability of mice after 8 weeks of intervention. Additionally, both forms of aerobic exercise significantly mitigated neuronal damage and A\u03b2 deposition in the brain and improved the hepatic clearance of A\u03b2. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that AIT and ACT can improve cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 mice, potentially by increasing the hepatic phagocytic capacity of A\u03b2. Hepatic clearance of A\u03b2 may serve as a supplementary mechanism by which aerobic exercise can improve AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/fbl36597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T06:17:28Z","timestamp":1745993848000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aerobic Exercise Ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Like Pathology by Regulating Hepatic Phagocytosis of A\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6301-448X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6560-4349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng-Rui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-3101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xing-Chun","family":"Gou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1124-8402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Brain Diseases Drug Development, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4974-9116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nai-Chun","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Blockchain & Healthcare Service, Xi\u2019an Medical University, 710021 Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bellenguez C, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckali F, Jansen IE, Kleineidam L, Moreno-Grau S, Amin N, et al. 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