{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:09:47Z","timestamp":1785449387013,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 Chizhou City major science and technology special project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is clinically defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Although many medications are effective for insomnia treatment, they carry risks of drug dependence and abuse. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) facilitates bidirectional signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system via gut microbes. Probiotics that provide mental and behavioral benefits through MGBA (psychobiotics) offer broad therapeutic potential. Methods: A non-toxic, drug-resistant strain of Lactobacillus reuteri E9 was isolated and characterized. Its effects were evaluated in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced zebrafish model of sleep disorder. Neurotransmitter levels (glycine, serine, taurine, \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) and gene expression of GABA\/melatonin receptors were analyzed. Results: E9 significantly upregulated inhibitory neurotransmitters, including GABA, taurine, glycine, and serine (p &lt; 0.05). In PTZ-induced zebrafish, E9 exerted sedative effects by reducing seizures and hyperactivity. Concurrently, E9 upregulated the expression of GABA receptor genes and melatonin receptor (Mtnr1aa) genes in zebrafish neural tissue. Conclusions: Lactobacillus reuteri E9 demonstrates potential as a psychobiotic for sleep disorder management by modulating key inhibitory neurotransmitters and sleep-related receptor expression via the MGBA pathway, offering a non-pharmacological alternative to conventional treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/fbl39587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T05:28:52Z","timestamp":1751434132000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lactobacillus reuteri E9 Regulates Sleep Disorders Through Its Metabolite GABA"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-7915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongcheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 247100 Chizhou, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5664-6421","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lina","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510030 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4874-314X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Houde","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 528305 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7080-6793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haonan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2429-6385","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, 510700 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-2552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, 510700 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6906-3881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 247100 Chizhou, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gottesman RF, Lutsey PL, Benveniste H, Brown DL, Full KM, Lee JM, et al. 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