{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:02:22Z","timestamp":1785416542327,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely associated with ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease (DED), keratitis, and corneal erosion. These pathological processes contribute to an imbalance in tear composition and induce structural and functional alterations of the cornea. In this context, natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have emerged as promising strategies for preserving ocular health and mitigating the effects of corneal injuries. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effects of troxerutin (TX), a naturally occurring flavonoid, in attenuating oxidative stress and promoting the restoration of corneal tissue architecture.Methods:To this end, an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model was established using human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) SkinEthic\u2122 3D tissues. Cells were pretreated with TX and, after 24 hours, stimulated with H2O2 for 10 minutes.Results:TX showed a protective effect against oxidative injury in the HCE 3D model and supported morphological recovery consistent with re-epithelialization through the upregulation of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin. In addition, TX helped attenuate inflammatory responses by regulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and key adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin.Conclusions:Overall, these findings emphasize the potential of TX as a natural compound that may contribute to the prevention and management of corneal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/fbl51862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:17:49Z","timestamp":1785413869000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Troxerutin Activity Against Oxidative Stress: A Potential Strategy for Corneal Damage Evaluated in a 3D Model of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6411-5806","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rossella","family":"Basilotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-6844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessia","family":"Filippone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8764-4149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-1396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Casili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0742-8005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marika","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2663-6387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4316-2291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene","family":"Paterniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bazeer S, Jansonius N, Snieder H, Hammond C, Vehof J. 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