{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:29:46Z","timestamp":1787977786074,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammation is the body\u2019s response to injury or infection and is important for healing and eliminating pathogens; however, prolonged inflammation is damaging and may lead to the development of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recently, there has been interest in exploiting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit immunoregulatory activities to treat inflammatory diseases. Methods: In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin-derived lactoferricin AMPs from three different species (bovine, mouse, and human) with subtle differences in their amino acid sequences that alter their antimicrobial action; to our knowledge, no other studies have compared their immunomodulatory effects. Macrophages, key players in the induction and propagation of inflammation, were used to investigate the effects of species-specific lactoferricin peptides on inflammatory processes. Results: Bovine lactoferricin was the only one of the three peptides studied that downregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)-6, in both human and mouse macrophages. Lactoferricin regulated inflammation through targeting LPS-activated nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Although the immunoregulatory role of lactoferricin during an inflammatory response in vivo is yet to be elucidated, further investigation with the use of animal models is warranted by the current findings. Conclusions: The ability of lactoferricin, especially that of bovine origin, to downregulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses suggests potential for the development of this peptide as a novel immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2702043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:48:21Z","timestamp":1644997701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Regulation of macrophage-associated inflammatory responses by species-specific lactoferricin peptides"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Malone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikki F.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Hoskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie R.","family":"Power Coombs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, Taghadosi M, Esmaeili S, Mardani F, et al. 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