{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:58:04Z","timestamp":1787025484105,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81870634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bilateral sequential cataract surgery within a short period is becoming more prevalent because of the efficiency and safety of modern cataract surgery. It has been reported that the first surgical eye might affect the contralateral eye. This study investigated the cytokines involved in the immunopathogenesis of pre-existing ocular or systemic conditions, as well as the inflammatory biomarkers in response to topical stimuli, by analyzing the cytokine profile of aqueous humor (AH) from cataract patients without these morbidities as control and with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or high myopia (HM) in each eye at the beginning of first (defined as baseline) and second eye cataract surgery. Methods: Forty patients were recruited in this cohort study (10\/group). Bilateral sequential cataract surgeries were conducted at intervals of 12.08 \u00b1 1.2 days. Aqueous humor samples (100\u2013200 \u03bcL\/eye) were separately collected from 40 first-eyes and 40 second-eyes at the beginning of the cataract surgeries. Twenty-seven selected cytokines were detected with Luminex-multiplex immunoassay. The concentrations of cytokines in the aqueous humor and their association with pre-existing ocular or systemic conditions were analyzed and compared between and within the groups. Results: Before first-eye surgery (baseline), the levels of interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were significantly increased in PACG compared with controls. The levels of IL-13 were increased while that of IL-15 were decreased in HM. Compared with controls, 11 cytokines were significantly increased in DM. In the AH of the contralateral eye after first-eye cataract surgery, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was significantly more abundant in PACG and HM, while the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) were decreased in PACG. We also identified 6 significantly upregulated cytokines in DM compared with controls. Compared with baseline, there was an overlap of 5 altered cytokines in the AH of contralateral eyes after first-eye surgery between the four groups. Some were exclusively altered in each subgroup, with 1 in the control group, 4 cytokines in the PACG and HM groups, and none in the DM group. Conclusions: From the initial profile, it is observed that patients with pre-existing ocular or systemic conditions have some degree of inflammation in their eyes before surgery and in the contralateral eye after the first eye cataract surgery, which could be peculiar of the morbid conditions of the patients. Inflammation was more detectable in patients with type 2 DM before surgery. PACG and HM patients showed stronger intraocular inflammatory reactions to topical stimuli compared with controls and DM patients. Our data suggest that ophthalmologists should pay closer attention to inflammatory responses, especially in cataract patients with pre-existing conditions, although the clinical significance of these changes following surgery remains to be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2707222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T05:25:48Z","timestamp":1657776348000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Aqueous Humor Cytokine Response in the Contralateral Eye after First-Eye Cataract Surgery in Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma, High Myopia or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jiancen","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengsha","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Prokosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120 Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Gurnani B, Kaur K. Phacoemulsification. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC. 2022."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furino C, Boscia F, Niro A, D\u2019Addario M, Grassi MO, Saglimbene V, et al. Diabetic macular edema and cataract surgery: phacoemulsification combined with dexamethasone intravitreal implant compared with standard phacoemulsification. Retina. 2021; 41: 1102\u20131109.","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002974"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheers D, Van Os L, N\u00ed Dhubhghaill S, Wouters K, Tassignon M. Clinically significant pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after bag-in-the-lens implantation. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. 2020; 46: 606\u2013611.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000102"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi K, Yoshida M, Hayashi S, Hirata A. Posterior vitreous detachment after cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia: an optical coherence tomography study. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 66: 167\u2013172.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-022-00903-6"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wakefield D, Lloyd A. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory eye disease. Cytokine. 1992; 4: 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90028-P"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi K, Ohno-Matsui K, Futagami S, Ohno S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M. Choroidal Neovascularization in Highly Myopic Eyes after Cataract Surgery. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2006; 50: 345\u2013348.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-006-0335-z"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamer WD, Williams AM, Pflugfelder S, Coupland SE. Accessibility to and Quality of Human Eye Tissue for Research: a Cross-Sectional Survey of ARVO Members. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 2018; 59: 4783\u20134792.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25319"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel M, Picciani RG, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous humor dynamics: a review. The Open Ophthalmology Journal. 2010; 4: 52\u201359.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010052"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren JW, Ziai N, Brubaker RF. A Simple Three-compartment Model of Anterior Segment Kinetics. Experimental Eye Research. 1993; 56: 355\u2013366.","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1993.1046"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"To CH, Kong CW, Chan CY, Shahidullah M, Do CW. The mechanism of aqueous humour formation. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2002; 85: 335\u2013349.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2002.tb02384.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi RC, Millard CB, Tripathi BJ. Protein composition of human aqueous humor: SDS-PAGE analysis of surgical and post-mortem samples. Experimental Eye Research. 1989; 48: 117\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(89)90025-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleenor DL, Shepard AR, Hellberg PE, Jacobson N, Pang IH, Clark AF. TGFbeta2-induced changes in human trabecular meshwork: implications for intraocular pressure. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2006; 47: 226\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1060"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klenkler B, Sheardown H. Growth factors in the anterior segment: role in tissue maintenance, wound healing and ocular pathology. Experimental Eye Research. 2004; 79: 677\u2013688.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.07.008"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozcan AA, Ozdemir N, Canataroglu A. The aqueous levels of TGF-beta2 in patients with glaucoma. International Ophthalmology. 2004; 25: 19\u201322.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:INTE.0000018524.48581.79"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuomilehto J, Lindstr\u00f6m J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001; 344: 1343\u20131350.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taechameekietichai T, Chansangpetch S, Peerawaranun P, Lin SC. Association between Daily Niacin Intake and Glaucoma: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients. 2021; 13: 4263.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124263"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shchuko AG, Zaitseva NV, Yurieva TN, Chernykh ER, Mikhalevich IM, Shevela EY, et al. Intraocular Cytokines and their Correlations with Clinical Parameters in Patients with Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization. Ophthalmologica. 2017; 237: 96\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1159\/000455271"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shchuko AG, Zaytseva NV, Yur\u2019eva TN, Chernykh ER, Mikhalevich IM, Grigor\u2019eva AV. Role of immunological factors in the development of myopic choroidal neovascularization. Vestnik Oftalmologii. 2016; 132: 5\u201314. (In Russian)","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma201613255-14"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duvesh R, Puthuran G, Srinivasan K, Rengaraj V, Krishnadas S, Rajendrababu S, et al. Multiplex Cytokine Analysis of Aqueous Humor from the Patients with Chronic Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. Current Eye Research. 2017; 42: 1608\u20131613.","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1362003"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Tong Y, Zhou YL, Zheng Y, Biswal M, Zhao PQ, Wang ZY. Analyzing cytokines as biomarkers to evaluate severity of glaucoma. International Journal of Ophthalmology. 2017; 10: 925\u2013930."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidal-Villegas B, Burgos-Blasco B, Santiago Alvarez JL, Espino-Pais\u00e1n L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Vigo J, Andr\u00e9s-Guerrero V, et al. Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile Differences between Primary Open-Angle and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Research. 2022; 65: 111\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1159\/000519816"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Kang MH, Seong M, Cho HY. Comparison of aqueous concentrations of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic macular oedema and macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2012; 96: 1426\u20131430.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301913"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiraya T, Kato S, Araki F, Ueta T, Miyaji T, Yamaguchi T. Aqueous cytokine levels are associated with reduced macular thickness after intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12: e0174340.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174340"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Hooks JJ, Chan CC, Detrick B. Identification of the lymphokines, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, in inflammatory eye diseases. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 1988; 29: 1444\u20131451."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witmer AN, Vrensen GF, Van Noorden CJ, Schlingemann RO. Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiogenesis in eye disease. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 2003; 22: 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00043-5"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindahl P, Johansson BR, Leve\u0301en P, Betsholtz C. Pericyte Loss and Microaneurysm Formation in PDGF-B-Deficient Mice. Science. 1997; 277: 242\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5323.242"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mudhar HS, Pollock RA, Wang C, Stiles CD, Richardson WD. PDGF and its receptors in the developing rodent retina and optic nerve. Development. 1993; 118: 539\u2013552.","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.2.539"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koyama N, Watanabe S, Tezuka M, Morisaki N, Saito Y, Yoshida S. Migratory and proliferative effect of platelet-derived growth factor in rabbit retinal endothelial cells: Evidence of an autocrine pathway of platelet-derived growth factor. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 1994; 158: 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041580102"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo MS, Okamoto N, Vinores MA, Vinores SA, Hackett SF, Yamada H, et al. Photoreceptor-Specific Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-B Results in Traction Retinal Detachment. The American Journal of Pathology. 2000; 157: 995\u20131005.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64612-3"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gartaganis SP, Georgakopoulos CD, Exarchou AM, Mela EK, Lamari F, Karamanos NK. Increased aqueous humor basic fibroblast growth factor and hyaluronan levels in relation to the exfoliation syndrome and exfoliative glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2001; 79: 572\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790605.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao H, Hou X, Hwang D, Tao Y. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Expression in the Neovascular Iris in Retinal Diseases. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018; 2018: 8025951.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8025951"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal N, Martin E, Krishnamoorthy RR, Landers R, Wen R, Krueger S, et al. Levobetaxolol-induced up-regulation of Retinal bFGF and CNTF mRNAs and Preservation of Retinal Function against a Photic-induced Retinopathy. Experimental Eye Research. 2002; 74: 445\u2013453.","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2001.1145"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgos-Blasco B, Vidal-Villegas B, Saenz-Frances F, Fernandez-Vigo JI, Andres-Guerrero V, Espino L, et al. Cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor of primary open-angle patients as a prognostic factor for trabeculectomy outcome. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021. (in press)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2022.120"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi JA, Ju HH, Kim JE, Lee J, Jee D, Park CK, et al. Cytokine profile and cytoskeletal changes after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in human trabecular meshwork cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2021; 25: 9295\u20139305.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16862"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/27\/7\/10.31083\/j.fbl2707222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T07:11:08Z","timestamp":1732691468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/27\/7\/10.31083\/j.fbl2707222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2768-6701(22)00584-6"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.fbl2707222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-6701","2768-6698"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-6701","type":"print"},{"value":"2768-6698","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"article-number":"222"}}