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Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) has abundant pharmacological activities. However, the difference in the hepatoprotective function of sporoderm-broken and sporoderm-unbroken Ganoderma spore powder has not been studied. This study is the first to investigate the effects of both sporoderm-damaged and sporoderm-intact GLSP on the improvement of acute alcoholic liver injury in mice and gut microbiota of mice. Methods: Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) levels in liver tissues from mice in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and histological analysis of liver tissue sections was performed to evaluate the liver-protecting effects of both sporoderm-broken and sporoderm-unbroken GLSP. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing of feces from the bowels of mice was performed to compare the regulatory effects of both sporoderm-broken and sporoderm-unbroken GLSP on the gut microbiota of mice. Results: Compared with those in the 50% ethanol model group (MG), sporoderm-broken GLSP significantly reduced serum AST and ALT levels (p &lt; 0.0001) and the release of the inflammatory factors, including IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, and TNF-\u03b1 (p &lt; 0.0001), and effectively improved the pathological state of liver cells; sporoderm-unbroken GLSP significantly reduced the ALT content (p = 0.0002) and the release of the inflammatory factors, including IL-1\u03b2 (p &lt; 0.0001), IL-18 (p = 0.0018), and TNF-\u03b1 (p = 0.0005), and reduced the serum AST content, but the reduction was not significant; compared with the gut microbiota of the MG, sporoderm-broken GLSP reduced the levels of Verrucomicrobia and Escherichia_Shigella, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, and decreased the abundance levels of harmful bacteria, such as Proteobacteria and Candidatus_Saccharibacteria; sporoderm-unbroken GLSP could reduce the abundance levels of harmful bacteria, such as Verrucomicrobia and Candidatus_Saccharibacteria; and GLSP treatment alleviates the downregulation of the levels of translation, ribosome structure and biogenesis, and lipid transport and metabolism in liver-injured mice; Conclusions: GLSP can alleviate the imbalance of gut microbiota and improve liver injury, and the effect of sporoderm-broken GLSP is better.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2802023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T04:03:21Z","timestamp":1675310601000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Protective Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder on Acute Liver Injury in Mice and its Regulation of Gut Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changbao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilin","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ginseng Scientific Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117 Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Wang QX, Ma X. 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