{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:07:40Z","timestamp":1791821260403,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Medical Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran","award":["4001382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4001382"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Streptococcus mutans is a major component of dental plaque, contributing to cariogenic biofilm formation and inducing dental caries. Attempts have recently been made to use postbiotic mediators (PMs) to prevent dental caries. This research evaluated the antimicrobial\/antibiofilm activity of PMs derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) against S. mutans in vitro. Methods: PMs were obtained from the Lactobacilli supernatants. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, antibiofilm potential, and metabolic activity of PMs against S. mutans were evaluated using CFU\/mL, scanning electron microscopy, and XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay. The expression of gtfB gene as one of the most important genes involved in S. mutans biofilm formation was also measured using qRT-PCR. Results: CFU score was reduced by both PMs, but the reduction was only significant in LGG (p = 0.02). Both PMs caused a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of S. mutans compared with the controls (p \u2264 0.002). S. mutans treated with LGG PMs exhibited more destructive effects than LR PMs (p &gt; 0.05). S. mutans gtfB gene expression was significantly downregulated when treated with the PMs obtained from both LGG and LR (p = 0.01 for both). Conclusions: We showed that PMs isolated from two Lactobacillus strains inhibited S. mutans biofilm, metabolic activity, and gtfB gene expression. Therefore, these derivatives may be a suitable biofilm-destruction agent against S. mutants. However, the oral environment is a complex ecosystem that needs further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2805088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T02:31:18Z","timestamp":1684031478000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Antimicrobial Effects of Postbiotic Mediators Derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus reuteri on Streptococcus mutans"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Morteza","family":"Banakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176-14411 Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, 14177-55351 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pourhajibagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176-14411 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahroo","family":"Etemad-Moghadam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176-14411 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Mehran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, 14177-55351 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Yazdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176-14411 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roza","family":"Haghgoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, 14177-55351 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Alaeddini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176-14411 Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Frankenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental School, University of Marburg and University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018; 392: 1789\u20131858.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Kong L, Peng X, Chen Y, Ren B, Li M, et al. Core Microbiota Promotes the Development of Dental Caries. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11: 3638.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083638"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo Y, Seo D, Lee H, Cho E, Song N, Nam TG, et al. Inhibitory effect of Bacillus velezensis on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Biotechnology. 2019; 298: 57\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2019.04.009"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noda M, Sugihara N, Sugimoto Y, Hayashi I, Sugimoto S, Danshiitsoodol N, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri BM53-1 Produces a Compound That Inhibits Sticky Glucan Synthesis by Streptococcus mutans. Microorganisms. 2021; 9: 1390.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071390"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Ma Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Zou J. Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. International Journal of Oral Science. 2021; 13: 30.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00137-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim SM, Lee NK, Paik HD. Antibacterial and anticavity activity of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 200661 isolated from fermented foods against Streptococcus mutans. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 2020; 118: 108840.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.108840"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu M, Cheng J, Lee YG, Cho JH, Suh JW. Discovery of novel iminosugar compounds produced by lactobacillus paragasseri MJM60645 and their anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022; 10: e0112222.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01122-22"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi R, Salehi A, Savabi O, Tahmourespour A, Eslami G, kamali S, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-derived biosurfactant on the gene expression profile of essential adhesion genes (gtfB, gtfC and ftf) of Streptococcus mutans. Advanced Biomedical Research. 2014; 3: 169.","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.139134"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu W, Zhou Y, Li Z, Huang T, Xiao Y, Cheng L, et al. Application of Antibiotics\/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries. BioMed Research International. 2020; 2020: 5658212.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5658212"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rethman MP, Beltr\u00e1n-Aguilar ED, Billings RJ, Hujoel PP, Katz BP, Milgrom P, et al. Nonfluoride caries-preventive agents: executive summary of evidence-based clinical recommendations. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2011; 142: 1065\u20131071.","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0329"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng L, Zhang L, Yue L, Ling J, Fan M, Yang D, et al. Expert consensus on dental caries management. International Journal of Oral Science. 2022; 14: 17.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00167-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Mahendra J, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, et al. Melatonin as a topical\/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis: A systematic review. Materials. 2021; 14: 2417.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14092417"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2014; 11: 506\u2013514.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez P, S\u00e1nchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Ciudad MJ, Collado L. Strategies to combat caries by maintaining the integrity of biofilm and homeostasis during the rapid phase of supragingival plaque formation. Antibiotics. 2022; 11: 880.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070880"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 2021; 19: 1335\u20131360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.02.010"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontology 2000. 2021; 87: 107\u2013131.","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12393"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amargianitakis M, Antoniadou M, Rahiotis C, Varzakas T. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Dental Caries. New Perspectives, Suggestions, and Patient Coaching Approach for a Cavity-Free Mouth. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11: 5472.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125472"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chugh P, Dutt R, Sharma A, Bhagat N, Dhar MS. A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health. Journal of Functional Foods. 2020; 70: 103985.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103985"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle RJ, Robins-Browne RM, Tang ML. Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006; 83: 1256\u20131264.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1256"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantzourani M, Fenlon M, Beighton D. Association between Bifidobacteriaceae and the clinical severity of root caries lesions. Oral Microbiology and Immunology. 2009; 24: 32\u201337.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00470.x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badet C, Thebaud NB. Ecology of Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavity: a Review of Literature. The Open Microbiology Journal. 2008; 2: 38\u201348.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285800802010038"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Sangtarash N, Ozma MA, Karimi A, et al. Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022. (Online ahead of print)","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2056727"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn KB, Baik JE, Park OJ, Yun CH, Han SH. Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13: e0192694.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192694"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim AR, Ahn KB, Yun C, Park O, Perinpanayagam H, Yoo Y, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum Lipoteichoic Acid Inhibits Oral Multispecies Biofilm. Journal of Endodontics. 2019; 45: 310\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2018.12.007"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmerOglou E, Karaca B, Kibar H, Haliscelik O, Kiran F. The role of microbiota-derived postbiotic mediators on biofilm formation and quorum sensing-mediated virulence of Streptococcus mutans: a perspective on preventing dental caries. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2022; 164: 105390.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105390"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu Q, Tavella VJ, Luo XM. Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018; 9: 757.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00757"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segers ME, Lebeer S. Towards a better understanding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG - host interactions. Microbial Cell Factories. 2014; 13: S7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang M, Meng L, Fan M, Hu P, Bian Z. Effect of biofilm formation on virulence factor secretion via the general secretory pathway in Streptococcus mutans. Archives of Oral Biology. 2008; 53: 1179\u20131185.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.07.007"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi R, Savabi O, Kazemi M, Kamali S, Salehi A, Eslami G, et al. Effects of biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus casei on gtfB, gtfC, and ftf gene expression level in S. mutans by real-time RT-PCR. Advanced Biomedical Research. 2014; 3: 231.","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.145729"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wasfi R, Abd El-Rahman OA, Zafer MM, Ashour HM. Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2018; 22: 1972\u20131983.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13496"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahmourespour A, Salehi R, Kasra Kermanshahi R. Lactobacillus Acidophilus-Derived Biosurfactant Effect on GTFB and GTFC Expression Level in Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Cells. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2011; 42: 330\u2013339.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822011000100042"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinstein MP, Lewis JS 2nd. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Background, Organization, Functions, and Processes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2020; 58 : e01864-19.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01864-19"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spoering AL, Lewis K. Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials. Journal of Bacteriology. 2001; 183: 6746\u20136751.","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.23.6746-6751.2001"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes LC, Mergulh\u00e3o FJ. SEM Analysis of Surface Impact on Biofilm Antibiotic Treatment. Scanning. 2017; 2017: 2960194.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2960194"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourhajibagher M, Noroozian M, Ahmad Akhoundi MS, Bahador A. Antimicrobial effects and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) as an orthodontic acrylic resin containing Curcumin-Nisin-poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticle: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2022; 22: 158.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02197-z"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorbanpour S, Pourhajibagher M, Noroozian M, Ghaffari H, Bahador A. Photoactivation of Curcumin Doped Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles in Rat Model with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. The Scientific World Journal. 2022; 2022: 3613345.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3613345"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method. Methods. 2001; 25: 402\u2013408.","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu CC, Lin CT, Wu CY, Peng WS, Lee MJ, Tsai YC. Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Molecular Oral Microbiology. 2015; 30: 16\u201326.","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12063"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang G, Lu M, Liu R, Tian Y, Vu VH, Li Y, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Virulence by Lactobacillus plantarum K41 Isolated From Traditional Sichuan Pickles. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11: 774.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00774"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luan C, Jiang N, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Li Z, et al. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of probiotic Lactobacillus curvatus BSF206 and Pediococcus pentosaceus AC1-2 against Streptococcus mutans. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2022; 164: 105446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105446"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teame T, Wang A, Xie M, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ding Q, et al. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020; 7: 570344.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.570344"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microbial Cell Factories. 2020; 19: 168.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01426-w"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciandrini E, Campana R, Casettari L, Perinelli DR, Fagioli L, Manti A, et al. Characterization of biosurfactants produced by Lactobacillus spp. and their activity against oral streptococci biofilm. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2016; 100: 6767\u20136777.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7531-7"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues JZDS, Passos MR, Silva de Mac\u00eado Neres N, Almeida RS, Pita LS, Santos IA, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus fermentum TcUESC01 against Streptococcus mutans UA159. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2020; 142: 104063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104063"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossoni RD, Velloso MDS, de Barros PP, de Alvarenga JA, Santos JDD, Santos Prado ACCD, et al. Inhibitory effect of probiotic Lactobacillus supernatants from the oral cavity on Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2018; 123: 361\u2013367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.07.032"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang KM, Kim JS, Kim HS, Kim YY, Oh JK, Jung HW, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri AN417 cell-free culture supernatant as a novel antibacterial agent targeting oral pathogenic bacteria. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11: 1631.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80921-x"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Z, Schlafer S, G\u00f6stemeyer G, Schwendicke F. Probiotic Effects on Multispecies Biofilm Composition, Architecture, and Caries Activity In Vitro. Microorganisms. 2020; 8: 1272.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091272"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes RA, Monteiro DR, Arias LS, Fernandes GL, Delbem ACB, Barbosa DB. Biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in the presence of farnesol: a quantitative evaluation. Biofouling. 2016; 32: 329\u2013338.","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2016.1144053"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Ellepola K, Venkiteswaran N, Chai LYA, Ohshima T, Seneviratne CJ. Lactobacillus Plantarum 108 Inhibits Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics. 2020; 9: 478.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080478"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu H, Ganas P, Schwendicke F. Environment-Specific Probiotic Supernatants Modify the Metabolic Activity and Survival of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11: 1447.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01447"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vacca Smith AM, Scott-Anne KM, Whelehan MT, Berkowitz RJ, Feng C, Bowen WH. Salivary Glucosyltransferase B as a Possible Marker for Caries Activity. Caries Research. 2007; 41: 445\u2013450.","DOI":"10.1159\/000107930"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Lee SH. Inhibitory Effect of Lactococcus lactis HY 449 on Cariogenic Biofilm. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2016; 26: 1829\u20131835.","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1604.04008"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahmourespour A, Kasra-Kermanshahi R, Salehi R. Lactobacillus rhamnosus biosurfactant inhibits biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. Dental Research Journal. 2019; 16: 87\u201394.","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.250968"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/28\/5\/10.31083\/j.fbl2805088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T07:51:30Z","timestamp":1732693890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/28\/5\/10.31083\/j.fbl2805088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S2768-6701(23)00874-2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.fbl2805088","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-6701","2768-6698"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-6701","type":"print"},{"value":"2768-6698","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"article-number":"88"}}