{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:38:53Z","timestamp":1793367533714,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that causes progressive joint damage. The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAK-I) represent a new therapeutic option for RA patients, blocking the intracellular JAK-STAT pathway. Today, no studies have been conducted to determine whether new biomarkers could better reflect disease activity in patients treated with JAK-I than traditional disease activity indicators. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine additional disease activity biomarkers in RA patients receiving selective JAK-1 inhibitors. Methods: we enrolled 57 patients with RA: 34 patients were treated with Upadacitinib (UPA) and 23 patients with Filgotinib (FIL). All patients were evaluated for clinimetry with DAS28 and Crohn\u2019s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), number of tender and swollen joints, Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), Physician Global Assessment (PhGA), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), at baseline and at the 12th week of treatment. Lymphocyte subpopulations, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (APCA), rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM, interleukin 6 (IL-6), circulating calprotectin (cCLP), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR), complement functional activity were measured at baseline and after the 12th week of treatment. Results: in both groups of patients, we documented a significant reduction in the clinimetric parameters DAS28, CDAI, number of tender joints, number of swollen joints, VAS, PhGA, and HAQ. Moreover, significant differences were reported for laboratory parameters of ESR, CRP, IL-6, suPAR, cCLP, and PLT\/L ratio in both groups. However, no difference was demonstrated between the two groups for changes in renal, hepatic, and lipid parameters. Conclusions: the suPAR and cCLP levels may lead towards a different therapeutic choice between UPA and FIL, with the expression of two different RA pathophenotypes directing FIL towards a lymphocyte-poor form and UPA towards a myeloid form of RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2808176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T04:02:45Z","timestamp":1692936165000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Different Biomarkers of Response to Treatment with Selective Jak-1 Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-6660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Benucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9318-0930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca Li","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2746-1742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paola","family":"Fusi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Damiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3141-1091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edda","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2722-6475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serena","family":"Guiducci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9242-2793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Grossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6200-4467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Infantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50068 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-9343","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amedeo","family":"Amedei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2018; 320: 1360\u20131372.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13103"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu D, Nossent J, Pavlos NJ, Xu J. Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharma-cologic therapies. 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