{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:41:08Z","timestamp":1789731668192,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IRR-009-FEX 23, PPE 00040\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRR-009-FEX 23, PPE 00040\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310928\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310928\/2021-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["315750\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315750\/2020-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or simplexvirus humanalpha 1 is a neurotropic virus that is responsible for orofacial infections in humans. More than 70% of the world\u2019s population may have seropositivity for HSV-1, and this virus is a leading cause of sporadic lethal encephalitis in humans. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in defending against HSV-1 infection has been explored, including the consequences of lacking these receptors or other proteins in the TLR pathway. Cell and mouse models have been used to study the importance of these receptors in combating HSV-1, how they relate to the innate immune response, and how they participate in the orchestration of the adaptive immune response. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a protein involved in the downstream activation of TLRs and plays a crucial role in this signaling. Mice with functional MyD88 or TLR2 and TLR9 can survive HSV-1 infection. However, they can develop encephalitis and face a 100% mortality rate in a dose-dependent manner when MyD88 or TLR2 plus TLR9 proteins are non-functional. In TLR2\/9 knockout mice, an increase in chemokines and decreases in nitric oxide (NO), interferon (IFN) gamma, and interleukin 1 (IL-1) levels in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) have been correlated with mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2903102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T02:21:22Z","timestamp":1710728482000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and TLR Signaling Proteins in Trigeminal Ganglia Impairing Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Progression to Encephalitis: Insights from Mouse Models"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia de Doen\u00e7as Virais, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme de P\u00e1dua","family":"Zolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria, Secretaria Municipal de Sa\u00fade de Varginha, 37010-600 Varginha, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-3826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erna Geessien","family":"Kroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen JI. 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