{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:30:50Z","timestamp":1789558250463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and to identify key molecules in Huntington's disease by utilizing bioinformatics methods. The gene expression profile of GSE3621 was extracted from the gene expression omnibus. Differentially expressed genes between the R6\/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease and controls at different time points were screened by limma package in R. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. It was used to analyze the pathways of differentially expressed genes. A searching tool of the protein-protein interaction network was constructed and visualized by Cytoscape. Molecular complex detection was utilized to performed module analysis. There were 513, 483, and 528 differentially expressed genes identified at weeks 18, 22 and 27, respectively, when compared with the control samples. Also, 24 significantly enriched R. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database pathways were identified (9 in week 18, 6 in week 22, 9 in week 27), and 31 significant modules were identified from the protein-protein interaction network (13 in week 18, 8 in week 22, 10 in week 27). Hoxd8, Atf3, and Egr2 were confirmed as transcription factors related to Huntington\u2019s disease. There are widespread gene expression changes in Huntington's disease at different time points. Some hub genes, such as Usp18, Oasl2, and Rtp4, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Huntington\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.1176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T01:19:07Z","timestamp":1578878347000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bioinformatics analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying Huntington\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bader, G. D. and Hogue, C. W. V. (2003) An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinformatics 4, 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-212525261https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12525261"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bano, D., Zanetti, F., Mende, Y., and Nicotera, P. (2011) Neurodegenerative processes in Huntington's disease. Cell Death & Disease 2, e228.","DOI":"10.1159\/00050467431910411https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31910411"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bithell, A., Johnson, R., and Buckley, N. J. (2009) Transcriptional dysregulation of coding and non-coding genes in cellular models of huntington's disease. Biochemical Society Transactions 37, 1270-1275.","DOI":"10.1042\/BST037127019909260https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19909260"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkqvist, M. (2016) Immunomodulation - a disease-modifying avenue for treatment of Huntington's disease? Journal of Neurochemistry 137, 670-672.","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.1353927059524https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27059524"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brison, N., Tylzanowski, P. and Debeer, P. (2012) Limb skeletal malformations - what the hox is going on? European Journal of Medical Genetics 55, 1-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2011.06.00302314c43-a830-40da-9885-d857d3c80008http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1769721211000735"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang, K. H., Wu, Y. R., Chen, Y. C. and Chen, C. M. (2015) Plasma inflammatory biomarkers for Huntington's disease patients and mouse model. Brain Behavior and Immunity 44, 121-127.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.09.01125266150https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25266150"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaturvedi, R. K., Hennessey, T., Johri, A., Tiwari, S. K., Mishra, D., Agarwal, S., Kim, Y. S. and Beal, M. F. (2012) Transducer of regulated creb-binding proteins (torcs) transcription and function is impaired in huntingtons disease. Human Molecular Genetics 21, 3474-3488.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds178d38e9814-363d-4d41-a672-b3e09536afcbhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/dds178"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, C., Zhang, Y. B. and Gui, J. F. (2015) Expression characterization, genomic structure and function analysis of fish ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (Usp18) genes. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 52, 112-122.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.05.00325981749https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25981749"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi, Y. S., Lee, B., Cho, H. Y., Reyes, I. B., Pu, X. A., Saido, T. C., Hoyt, K. R. and Obrietan, K. (2009) Creb is a key regulator of striatal vulnerability in chemical and genetic models of huntington's disease. Neurobiology of Disease 36, 259-268.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.014e1117df9-21f3-4307-a1ac-9e659ed86fabhttp:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0969996109001855"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ellrichmann, G., Reick, C., Saft, C. and Linker, R. A.(2013) The role of the immune system in huntington's disease. Clinical & Developmental Immunology 2013,541259.","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.1329631909928https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31909928"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gatto, R. G., Chu, Y., Ye, A. Q., Price, S. D., Tavassoli, E., Buenaventura, A., Brady, S. T., Magin, R. L., Kordower, J. H. and Morfini, G. A. (2015) Analysis of Yfp(J16)-R6\/2 reporter mice and postmortem brains reveals early pathology and increased vulnerability of callosal axons in huntington's disease. Human Molecular Genetics 24, 5285-5298.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv24826123489https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26123489"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gatto, R. G., Ye, A. Q., Colon-Perez, L., Mareci, T. H., Lysakowski, A., Price, S. D., Brady, S. T., Karaman, M., Morfini, G. and Magin, R. L. (2019) Detection of axonal degeneration in a mouse model of huntington's disease: comparison between diffusion tensor imaging and anomalous diffusion metrics. Magma 32, 461-471.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-019-00742-630771034https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30771034"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giralt, A., Saavedra, A., Carreton, O., Arumi, H., Tyebji, S., Alberch, J. and Perez-Navarro, E. (2013) Pde10 inhibition increases glua1 and creb phosphorylation and improves spatial and recognition memories in a huntington's disease mouse model. Hippocampus 23, 684-695.","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.2212829776d85-4e52-4f9b-8408-b5c7ba3b5efdhttp:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hipo.22128\/abstract"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldmann, T., Zeller, N., Raasch, J., Kierdorf, K., Frenzel, K., Ketscher, L., Basters, A., Staszewski, O., Brendecke, S. M., Spiess, A., Tay, T. L., Kreutz, C., Timmer, J., Mancini, G. M. S., Blank, T., Fritz, G., Biber, K., Lang, R., Malo, D., Merkler, D., Heikenwaelder, M., Knobeloch, K. P. and Prinz, M. (2015) Usp18 lack in microglia causes destructive interferonopathy of the mouse brain. EMBO Journal 34, 1612-1629.","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.20149079125896511https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25896511"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hodges, A., Hughes, G., Brooks, S., Elliston, L., Holmans, P., Dunnett, S. B. and Jones, L. (2008a) Brain gene expression correlates with changes in behavior in the R6\/1 mouse model of huntington's disease. Genes, Brain and Behavior 7, 288-299.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2007.00350.x17696994https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17696994"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hodges, A., Hughes, G., Brooks, S., Elliston, L., Holmans, P., Dunnett, S. B. and Jones, L. (2008b) Brain gene expression correlates with changes in behavior in the R6\/1 mouse model of huntington's disease. Genes Brain and Behavior 7, 288-299.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2007.00350.x17696994https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17696994"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoss, A. G., Kartha, V. K., Dong, X., Latourelle, J. C., Dumitriu, A., Hadzi, T. C., MacDonald, M. E., Gusella, J. F., Akbarian, S., Chen, J.-F., Weng, Z. and Myers, R. H. (2014) Micrornas located in the Hox gene clusters are implicated in huntington's disease pathogenesis. Plos Genetics 10, e1004188.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.100418824586208https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24586208"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, D. W., Sherman, B. T. and Lempicki, R. A. (2009) Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using david bioinformatics resources. Nature Protocols 4, 44-57.","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.21119131956https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19131956"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ionescu, V. A., Villanueva, E. B., Hashioka, S., Bahniwal, M. and Klegeris, A. (2011) Cultured adult porcine astrocytes and microglia express functional interferon-gamma receptors and exhibit toxicity towards Sh-Sy5y cells. Brain Research Bulletin 84, 244-251.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.12.011421a20d6-5b15-4a21-b9cb-47b74ec9255fhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.12.011"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M., Araki, M., Goto, S., Hattori, M., Hirakawa, M., Itoh, M., Katayama, T., Kawashima, S., Okuda, S., Tokimatsu, T. and Yamanishi, Y. (2008) Kegg for linking genomes to life and the environment. Nucleic Acids Research 36, D480-D484.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm88218077471https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18077471"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khoshnan, A., Ko, J., Watkin, E. E., Paige, L. A., Reinhart, P. H. and Patterson, P. H. (2004) Activation of the I Kappa B Kinase complex and nuclear Factor-Kappa B contributes to mutant Huntingtin neurotoxicity. Journal of Neuroscience 24, 7999-8008.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2675-04.200415371500https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15371500"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kieburtz, K., Reilmann, R. and Olanow, C. W. (2018) Huntington's disease: current and future therapeutic prospects. Movement Disorders 33, 1033-1041.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.2736329737569https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29737569"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krajewski, K. M., Lewis, R. A., Fuerst, D. R., Turansky, C., Hinderer, S. R., Garbern, J., Kamholz, J. and Shy, M. E. (2000) Neurological dysfunction and axonal degeneration in charcot-marie-tooth disease type 1a. Brain 123, 1516-1527.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.151610869062https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10869062"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwan, W., Trager, U., Davalos, D., Chou, A., Bouchard, J., Andre, R., Miller, A., Weiss, A., Giorgini, F., Cheah, C., Moeller, T., Stella, N., Akassoglou, K., Tabrizi, S. J. and Muchowski, P. J. (2012) Mutant huntingtin impairs immune cell migration in huntington disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation 122, 4737-4747.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64484d6b69d59-2a33-4fd3-9ef6-8b0c9a1cc0a0http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI64484"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lemons, D. and McGinnis, W. (2006) Genomic evolution of Hox gene clusters. Science 313, 1918-1922.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.113204017008523https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17008523"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, P., Nie, Y. and Yu, J. (2015) An effective method to identify shared pathways and common factors among neurodegenerative diseases. Plos One 10, e0143045.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.014304526575483https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26575483"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Linda, H., Skold, M. K. and Ochsmann, T. (2011) Activating transcription factor 3, a useful marker for regenerative response after nerve root injury. Frontiers in Neurology 2, 30-30.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.0003021629765https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21629765"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mangiarini, L., Sathasivam, K., Seller, M., Cozens, B., Harper, A., Hetherington, C., Lawton, M., Trottier, Y., Lehrach, H., Davies, S. W. and Bates, G. P. (1996) Exon 1 of the Hd gene with an expanded cag repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice. Cell 87, 493-506.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81369-08898202https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8898202"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matys, V., Fricke, E., Geffers, R., Gossling, E., Haubrock, M., Hehl, R., Hornischer, K., Karas, D., Kel, A. E., Kel-Margoulis, O. V., Kloos, D. U., Land, S., Lewicki-Potapov, B., Michael, H., Munch, R., Reuter, I., Rotert, S., Saxel, H., Scheer, M., Thiele, S. and Wingender, E. (2003) Transfac (R): transcriptional regulation, from patterns to profiles. Nucleic Acids Research 31, 374-378.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg10812520026https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12520026"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDermott, J. E., Archuleta, M., Thrall, B. D., Adkins, J. N. and Waters, K. M. (2011) Controlling the response: predictive modeling of a highly central, pathogen-targeted core response module in macrophage activation. Plos One 6, e14673.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.001467321339814https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21339814"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menalled, L. B., Sison, J. D., Wu, Y., Olivieri, M., Li, X. J., Li, H., Zeitlin, S. and Chesselet, M. F. (2002) Early motor dysfunction and striosomal distribution of huntingtin microaggregates in huntington's disease knock-in Mice. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 8266-8276. 12223581https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12223581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-18-08266.2002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pearson, J. C., Lemons, D. and McGinnis, W. (2005) Modulating Hox gene functions during animal body patterning. Nature Reviews Genetics 6, 893-904.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg172616341070https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16341070"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodrigues, F. B. and Wild, E. J. (2018) Huntingtons disease clinical trials corner: february 2018. Journal of Huntington's Disease 7, 89-98.","DOI":"10.3233\/JHD-18900129480210https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29480210"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saito, H., Kubota, M., Roberts, R. W., Chi, Q. Y. and Matsunami, H. (2004) Rtp family members induce functional expression of mammalian odorant receptors. Cell 119, 679-691.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.02115550249https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15550249"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seredenina, T. and Luthi-Carter, R. (2012) What have we learned from gene expression profiles in Huntington's disease? Neurobiology of Disease 45, 83-98.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.07.00198df604b-cb52-4ed0-90cc-103af3fcd9bchttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.07.001"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smoot, M. E., Ono, K., Ruscheinski, J., Wang, P. L. and Ideker, T. (2011) Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization. Bioinformatics 27, 431-432.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq6753b7a4c26-9b3b-484a-9841-40b7f80590a3http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq675"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smyth, G. K. (2005) Limma: linear models for microarray data. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor, 397-420.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.11.01731756546https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31756546"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spirin, V. and Mirny, L. A. (2003) Protein complexes and functional modules in molecular networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 12123-12128.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.203232410014517352https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14517352"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swiatek, P. J. and Gridley, T. (1993) Perinatal lethality and defects in hindbrain development in mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the zinc finger gene Krox20. Genes & Development 7, 2071-2084.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0605-331910432https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31910432"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szklarczyk, D., Franceschini, A., Kuhn, M., Simonovic, M., Roth, A., Minguez, P., Doerks, T., Stark, M., Muller, J., Bork, P., Jensen, L. J. and von Mering, C. (2011) The string database in 2011: functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored. Nucleic Acids Research 39, D561-D568.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq97321045058https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21045058"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tai, Y. F., Pavese, N., Gerhard, A., Tabrizi, S. J., Barker, R. A., Brooks, D. J. and Piccini, P. (2007) Microglial activation in presymptomatic Huntington's disease gene carriers. Brain 130, 1759-1766.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm04417400599https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17400599"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thanh-Phuong, N., Caberlotto, L., Morine, M. J. and Priami, C. (2014) Network analysis of neurodegenerative disease highlights a role of Toll-Like receptor signaling. Biomed Research International 2014,686505.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/21056025692130https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25692130"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trager, U., Andre, R., Lahiri, N., Magnusson-Lind, A., Weiss, A., Grueninger, S., McKinnon, C., Sirinathsinghji, E., Kahlon, S., Pfister, E. L., Moser, R., Hummerich, H., Antoniou, M., Bates, G. P., Luthi-Carter, R., Lowdell, M. W., Bjoerkqvist, M., Ostroff, G. R., Aronin, N. and Tabrizi, S. J. (2014) Htt-lowering reverses huntington's disease immune dysfunction caused by Nf Kappa B pathway dysregulation. Brain 137, 819-833.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt35547d24967-2ac2-4054-88ec-47737881137dhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt355"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trager, U., Andre, R., Magnusson-Lind, A., Miller, J. R. C., Connolly, C., Weiss, A., Grueninger, S., Silajdzic, E., Smith, D. L., Leavitt, B. R., Bates, G. P., Bjoerkqvist, M. and Tabrizi, S. J. (2015) Characterisation of immune cell function in fragment and full-length Huntington's disease mouse models. Neurobiology of Disease 73, 388-398.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.10.01225447230https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25447230"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valekova, I., Jarkovska, K., Kotrcova, E., Bucci, J., Ellederova, Z., Juhas, S., Motlik, J., Gadher, S. J. and Kovarova, H. (2016) Revelation of the Ifn Alpha, Il-10, Il-8 and Il-1 Beta as promising biomarkers reflecting immuno-pathological mechanisms in porcine Huntington's disease model. Journal of Neuroimmunology 293, 71-81.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.02.01227049565https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27049565"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vuono, R., Winder-Rhodes, S., de Silva, R., Cisbani, G., Drouin-Ouellet, J., Spillantini, M. G., Cicchetti, F., Barker, R. A. and Registry Investigators, E. (2015) The role of Tau in the pathological process and clinical expression of Huntington's disease. Brain 138, 1907-1918.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv10725953777https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25953777"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, W., Liu, R., Xu, Z., Niu, X., Mao, Z., Meng, Q. and Cao, X. (2015) Further insight into molecular mechanism underlying thoracic spinal cord injury using bioinformatics methods. Molecular Medicine Reports 12, 7851-7858.","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.444226497545https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26497545"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wild, E. J., Bj\u00f6rkqvist, M., Thiele, J., Silvestroni, A., Andre, R., Lahiri, N., Raibon, E., Lee, R. V., Benn, C. L., Soulet, D., Magnusson, A., Woodman, B. and Landles, C. (2008) A novel pathogenic pathway of immune activation detectable before clinical onset in Huntington's disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 79, A4-A4.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.2008017818625748https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18625748"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilming, L. G., Boychenko, V. and Harrow, J. L.(2015) Comprehensive comparative homeobox gene annotation in human and mouse. Database 2015,bav091.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bav11726708988https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26708988"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Cui, X., Al-Ramahi, I., Sun, X., Li, B., Hou, J., Difiglia, M., Palacino, J., Wu, Z.-Y., Ma, L., Botas, J. and Lu, B. (2015) A striatal-enriched intronic gpcr modulates huntingtin levels and toxicity. Elife 4, e05449.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.0544925738228https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25738228"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Zhang, Y., Ghosh, A., Cuevas, R. A., Forero, A., Dhar, J., Ibsen, M. S., Schmid-Burgk, J. L., Schmidt, T., Ganapathiraju, M. K., Fujita, T., Hartmann, R., Barik, S., Hornung, V., Coyne, C. B. and Sarkar, S. N. (2014) Antiviral activity of human oasl protein is mediated by enhancing signaling of the rig-i rna sensor. Immunity 40, 936-948.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.0077e3906a6-35d5-4cf5-8057-80f76947d683http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/18\/4\/10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.1176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1732720127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/18\/4\/10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.1176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["1757-448X-18-369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin.2019.04.1176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-6352","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-448X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"article-number":"369"}}