{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:39:50Z","timestamp":1753889990484,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Somatoparaphrenia lacka ownership of a paralyzed limb, i.e., the illusion that one\u2019s limbs belong to someone else. Somatoparaphrenia is one of the many forms of body misperceptions. We report a case of somatoparaphrenia with misoplegia, characterized by the absence of anosognosia for hemiplegia and personal neglect, following a surgical operation for left parietal meningioma. The patient received a novel multidisciplinary treatment, including motor rehabilitation training, traditional physiotherapy and robotic rehabilitation using the Hunova Movendo Technology and psychological counseling. At the end of the training, the patient improved in global cognitive functioning, mood, motor abilities, and the perception of herself and her body, reducing the sense of estrangement and repulsion in the lower right limb. Our result showed the importance of a specific neuropsychological assessment in patients with parietal brain lesions and the usefulness of an integrated psychological and motor approach in rehabilitating patients with somatoparaphrenia, primarily when associated with misoplegia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2002046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T05:04:01Z","timestamp":1625461441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rehabilitation of somatoparaphrenia with misoplegia: insights from a single case-pilot study"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Maggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Naro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Calatozzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Studio di Psicoterapia e Riabilitazione Cognitiva, Viale Europa, 00144 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca La","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Porcari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Latella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Studio di Psicoterapia e Riabilitazione Cognitiva, Viale Europa, 00144 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Marzullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco Salvatore","family":"Calabr\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98158 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loetscher T, Wachter K, Brugger P. A neurological coincidence. Praxis. 2005; 94: 613\u2013614.","DOI":"10.1024\/0369-8394.94.15.613"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Vallar G, Papagno C. Neuropsychology manual: clinic and elements of rehabilitation. Bologna: Il Mulino. 2007."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano D, Maravita A. The dynamic nature of the sense of ownership after brain injury. Clues from asomatognosia and somatoparaphrenia. Neuropsychologia. 2019; 132: 107119.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107119"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Head H, Holmes G. Sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions. Brain. 1911; 34: 102\u2013254.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/34.2-3.102"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes NP, Spence C. The body schema and multisensory representation(s) of peripersonal space. Cognitive Processing. 2004; 5: 94\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-004-0013-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schilder P. The image and appearance of the human body: studies in the constructive energies of the psyche. Psyche monographs, no. 4. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1936; 83: 227\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193602000-00051"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwoebel J, Coslett HB. Evidence for multiple, distinct representations of the human body. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2005; 17: 543\u2013553.","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929053467587"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longo MR, Aza\u00f1\u00f3n E, Haggard P. More than skin deep: body representation beyond primary somatosensory cortex. Neuropsychologia. 2010; 48: 655\u2013668.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.08.022"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Gallagher S, Cole J. Body image and body schema in a deafferented subject. The Journal of Mind and Behavior. 1995; 369\u2013389."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giummarra MJ, Gibson SJ, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Bradshaw JL. Mechanisms underlying embodiment, disembodiment and loss of embodiment. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2008; 32: 143\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.07.001"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeannerod M. Visual and action cues contribute to the self-other distinction. Nature Neuroscience. 2004; 7: 422\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0504-422"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandola M, Invernizzi P, Sedda A, Ferr\u00e8 ER, Sterzi R, Sberna M, et al. An anatomical account of somatoparaphrenia. Cortex. 2012; 48: 1165\u20131178.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.06.012"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano D, Gandola M, Bottini G, Maravita A. Arousal responses to noxious stimuli in somatoparaphrenia and anosognosia: clues to body awareness. Brain. 2014; 137: 1213\u20131223.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronchi R, Rode G, Cotton F, Farn\u00e8 A, Rossetti Y, Jacquin-Courtois S. Remission of anosognosia for right hemiplegia and neglect after caloric vestibular stimulation. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. 2013; 31: 19\u201324.","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-120236"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Vita A, Boccia M, Palermo L, Guariglia C. To move or not to move, that is the question! Body schema and non-action oriented body representations: an fMRI meta-analytic study. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2016; 68: 37\u201346.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.05.005"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanke O. Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2012; 13: 556\u2013571.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3292"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feinberg TE, Venneri A. Somatoparaphrenia: evolving theories and concepts. Cortex. 2014; 61: 74\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisiach E, Rusconi ML, Vallar G. Remission of somatoparaphrenic delusion through vestibular stimulation. Neuropsychologia. 1991; 29: 1029\u20131031.","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(91)90066-H"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rode G, Charles N, Perenin MT, Vighetto A, Trillet M, Aimard G. Partial remission of hemiplegia and somatoparaphrenia through vestibular stimulation in a case of unilateral neglect. Cortex. 1992; 28: 203\u2013208.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80048-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvato G, Gandola M, Veronelli L, Agostoni EC, Sberna M, Corbo M, et al. The spatial side of somatoparaphrenia: a case study. Neurocase. 2016; 22: 154\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2015.1077257"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM, Tsakiris M, Haggard P, Rudd A, Kopelman MD. Mirror-view reverses somatoparaphrenia: dissociation between first- and third-person perspectives on body ownership. Neuropsychologia. 2011; 49: 3946\u20133955.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.011"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert ML. A simple test of visual neglect. Neurology. 1973; 23: 658\u2013664.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.6.658"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Diller L, Weinberg J. Hemi-inattention in rehabilitation: the evolution of a rational remediation program. Advances in Neurology. 1977; 18: 63\u201382."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisiach E, Vallar G, Perani D, Papagno C, Berti A. Unawareness of disease following lesions of the right hemisphere: Anosognosia for hemiplegia and anosognosia for hemianopia. Neuropsychologia. 1986; 24: 471\u2013482.","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(86)90092-8"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Invernizzi P, Gandola M, Romano D, Zapparoli L, Bottini G, Paulesu E. What is mine? Behavioral and anatomical dissociations between somatoparaphrenia and anosognosia for hemiplegia. Behavioural Neurology. 2013; 26: 139\u2013150.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/548467"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feinberg TE, Venneri A, Simone AM, Fan Y, Northoff G. The neuroanatomy of asomatognosia and somatoparaphrenia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2010; 81: 276\u2013281.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.188946"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. Guideline 9D: guidelines on short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2006; 23: 168\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200604000-00013"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Safran JD, Muran CJ. Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: a relational treatment guide. New York: Guildford. 2000."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Burlando M, Bollo B. Use of hunova for rehabilitation following severe acquired brain injury (ABI). 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.movendo.technology\/case-studies-ita\/use-of-hunova-for-rehabilitation-following-severe-acquired-brain-injury-abi-a-case-study-2\/ (Accessed: 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 1992; 59: 12\u201319.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer S, Lambert MJ, Nielsen SL. Clinical significance methods: a comparison of statistical techniques. Journal of Personality Assessment. 2004; 82: 60\u201370.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8201_11"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallar G, Ronchi R. Somatoparaphrenia: a body delusion. A review of the neuropsychological literature. Experimental Brain Research. 2009; 192: 533\u2013551.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1562-y"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naro A, Maggio MG, Latella D, La Rosa G, Sciarrone F, Manuli A, et al. Does embodied cognition allow a better management of neurological diseases? A review on the link between cognitive language processing and motor function. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult. 2021; 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2021.1890595"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Stralen HE, van Zandvoort MJE, Dijkerman HC. The role of self-touch in somatosensory and body representation disorders after stroke. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B, Biological Sciences. 2011; 366: 3142\u20133152.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0163"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dieguez S, Lopez C. The bodily self: insights from clinical and experimental research. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017; 60: 198\u2013207.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.04.007"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggio MG, Naro A, Manuli A, Maresca G, Balletta T, Latella D, et al. Effects of robotic neurorehabilitation on body representation in individuals with stroke: a preliminary study focusing on an EEG-based approach. Brain Topography. 2021; 34: 348\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-021-00825-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maresca G, Maggio MG, Caliri S, De Cola MC, Scarcella I, Andaloro A, et al. The role of body image changes in neurorehabilitation outcomes: a preliminary study. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2020; 25: 10\u201316.","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2019.1597977"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Luca R, Maggio MG, Maresca G, Latella D, Cannav\u00f2 A, Sciarrone F, et al. Improving cognitive function after traumatic brain injury: a clinical trial on the potential use of the semi-immersive virtual reality. Behavioural Neurology. 2019; 2019: 9268179.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9268179"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggio MG, Torrisi M, Buda A, De Luca R, Piazzitta D, Cannav\u00f2 A, et al. Effects of robotic neurorehabilitation through lokomat plus virtual reality on cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective case-control study. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2020; 130: 117\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1664519"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalron A, Fonkatz I, Frid L, Baransi H, Achiron A. The effect of balance training on postural control in people with multiple sclerosis using the CAREN virtual reality system: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 2016; 13: 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0124-y"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ni Z, Gunraj C, Nelson AJ, Yeh IJ, Castillo G, Hoque T, et al. Two phases of interhemispheric inhibition between motor related cortical areas and the primary motor cortex in human. Cerebral Cortex. 2009; 19: 1654\u20131665.","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn201"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu M, Li F, Wu Y, Zhang T, Gao J, Xu P, et al. Impaired frontoparietal connectivity in traumatic individuals with disorders of consciousness: a dynamic brain network analysis. Aging and Disease. 2020; 11: 301\u2013314.","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0606"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mengotti P, K\u00e4sbauer A, Fink GR, Vossel S. Lateralization, functional specialization, and dysfunction of attentional networks. Cortex. 2020; 132: 206\u2013222.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.08.022"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parlatini V, Radua J, Dell\u2019Acqua F, Leslie A, Simmons A, Murphy DG, et al. Functional segregation and integration within fronto-parietal networks. NeuroImage. 2017; 146: 367\u2013375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.031"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontan A, Cignetti F, Nazarian B, Anton J, Vaugoyeau M, Assaiante C. How does the body representation system develop in the human brain? Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2017; 24: 118\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.02.010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perruchoud D, Michels L, Piccirelli M, Gassert R, Ionta S. Differential neural encoding of sensorimotor and visual body representations. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 37259.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37259"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park G, Choi J, Kim Y. The effects of multidirectional stepping training on balance, gait ability, and falls efficacy following stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2016; 28: 82\u201386.","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.82"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakamoto K, Yokoi K, Hirayama K, Yamaguchi J, Shinoda A. A case of somatoparaphrenia characterized by very mild somatosensory disturbance and absence of anosognosia for hemiplegia and personal neglect. Cortex. 2019; 120: 603\u2013606.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.03.008"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Critchley M. The parietal lobe. New York: Hafner. 1953."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Goldenberg G. Disorders of body perception and representation. In Feinberg TE, Farah MJ. (eds.) Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology (pp. 373\u2013381). 2nd edn. USA: McGraw-Hill. 2003."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumral E, Ozt\u00fcrk O. Delusional state following acute stroke. Neurology. 2004; 62: 110\u2013113.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1.110"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrsson HH, Holmes NP, Passingham RE. Touching a rubber hand: feeling of body ownership is associated with activity in multisensory brain areas. Journal of Neuroscience. 2005; 25: 10564\u201310573.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0800-05.2005"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Feinberg FE, Roane DM. Misidentification syndromes. In Feinberg TE, Farah MJ. (eds.) Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology (pp. 373\u2013381). 2nd edn. USA: McGraw-Hill. 2003."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemmerer D, Tranel D. Searching for the elusive neural substrates of body part terms: a neuropsychological study. Cognitive Neuropsychology. 2008; 25: 601\u2013629.","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290802247052"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L, Gallese V. Parietal cortex: from sight to action. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 1997; 7: 562\u2013567.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80037-2"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzolatti G, Cattaneo L, Fabbri-Destro M, Rozzi S. Cortical mechanisms underlying the organization of goal-directed actions and mirror neuron-based action understanding. Physiological Reviews. 2014; 94: 655\u2013706.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2013"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razmus M. Body representation in patients after vascular brain injuries. Cognitive Processing. 2017; 18: 359\u2013373.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-017-0831-8"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maresca G, Maggio MG, Caliri S, De Cola MC, Scarcella I, Andaloro A, et al. The role of body image changes in neurorehabilitation outcomes: a preliminary study. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2020; 25: 10\u201316.","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2019.1597977"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llorens R, Borrego A, Palomo P, Cebolla A, No\u00e9 E, I Badia SB, et al. Body schema plasticity after stroke: Subjective and neurophysiological correlates of the rubber hand illusion. Neuropsychologia. 2017; 96: 61\u201369.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.007"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thieme H, Morkisch N, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Behrens J, Borgetto B, et al. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; 7: CD00844.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008449.pub3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/20\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2002046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T15:24:46Z","timestamp":1732721086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/20\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2002046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["1625014740763-1393745632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2002046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0219-6352"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-448X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"article-number":"439"}}