{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:10:18Z","timestamp":1775232618959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Citrus limon L. is an ingenious alternative medication and has a broad scope in managing several health conditions as part of natural remedies. Recently, medicinal plants have witnessed incredible consideration worldwide in the field of neuroscience for remedial intervention. The present work has investigated the phytochemical compounds and neuropharmacological potential of the seed extract of Citrus limon as a step to partially validate its formulations as nutraceuticals using an in vivo model. Diverse phytochemical groups such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, gums, saponins, steroids were qualitatively identified through colorimetric methods utilizing standard compounds. The neuropharmacological properties were studied in Swiss albino mice with the sleep time induced by thiopental sodium taken as an end-point, in standard hole cross, hole board, and open-field experiments at varying doses of 50 and 100 mg\/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and glycosides are present in the aqueous extract of the seed. The extracts demonstrated a significant reduction in sleep onset and enhanced the sleep duration in a dose-dependent manner in thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time, along with a marked decrease in unconstrained locomotors and explorative properties in both hole cross and open field tests. Moreover, in the hole board study, the extracts minimized the count of head dips observed in the treated mice. The results shown in this study demonstrate that Citrus limon extracts have neuropharmacological properties that can be further examined for their potential role as an adjuvant with conventional medications or nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2101042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T11:28:26Z","timestamp":1643455706000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Citrus limon L. (lemon) seed extract shows neuro-modulatory activity in an in vivo thiopental-sodium sleep model by reducing the sleep onset and enhancing the sleep duration"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Md. Mominur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahadul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Parvez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. A.K.","family":"Azad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghulam Md","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Fahad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, 47311 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muniruddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferdous M, Daula ASU, Naznin S, Yeasmin F, Basher MA. Analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative-like activities of leaves of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe in mice. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2020; 14: 155\u2013163.","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2020.6913"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam N, Khan MF, Khatun MR, Nur S, Hanif NB, Kulsum U, et al. Neuropharmacological insights of African oil palm leaf through experimental assessment in rodent behavioral model and computer-aided mechanism. Food Bioscience. 2021; 40: 100881.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.100881"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Wei W, Peng Q, Guo Y. How does Perceived Health Status Affect Depression in Older Adults? Roles of Attitude toward Aging and Social Support. Clinical Gerontologist. 2021; 44: 169\u2013180.","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2019.1655123"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene T, Harju-Sepp\u00e4nen J, Adeniji M, Steel C, Grey N, Brewin CR, et al. Predictors and rates of PTSD, depression and anxiety in UK frontline health and social care workers during COVID-19. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2021; 12: 1882781.","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1882781"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma R, Bhatia R, Singh G, Kumar B, Mehan S, Monga V. Design, synthesis and neuropharmacological evaluation of new 2,4-disubstituted-1,5-benzodiazepines as CNS active agents. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2020; 101: 104010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.104010"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubab S, Rizwani GH, Bahadur S, Shah M, Alsamadany H, Alzahrani Y, et al. Neuropharmacological potential of various morphological parts of Camellia sinensis L. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020; 27: 567\u2013573.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.11.025"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kara S, Yazici KM, G\u00fcle\u00e7 C, \u00dcnsal I. Mixed anxiety\u2013depressive disorder and major depressive disorder: comparison of the severity of illness and biological variables. Psychiatry Research. 2000; 94: 59\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00131-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan A, Jahan S, Alshahrani S, Alshehri BM, Sameer AS, Arafah A, et al. Phytotherapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders: a neuropharmacological review. Phytomedicine. 2021; 26: 581\u2013620.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-824109-7.00012-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan W, Silva CEB, Mohammadzai IU, da Rocha JBT, J L. Association of oxidative stress to the genesis of anxiety: implications for possible therapeutic interventions. Current Neuropharmacology. 2014; 12: 120\u2013139.","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11666131120232135"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beckhauser TF, Francis-Oliveira J, De Pasquale R. Reactive Oxygen Species: Physiological and Physiopathological Effects on Synaptic Plasticity: Supplementary issue: Brain plasticity and repair. Journal of Experimental Neuroscience. 2016; 10: 23\u201348.","DOI":"10.4137\/JEN.S39887"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez MS, Navarrete F, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Sala F, Manzanares J. Cannabidiol: a potential new alternative for the treatment of anxiety, depression, and psychotic disorders. Biomolecules. 2020; 10: 1575.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111575"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jyoti MA, Barua N, Hossain MS, Hoque M, Bristy TA, Mahmud S, et al. Unravelling the biological activities of the Byttneria pilosa leaves using experimental and computational approaches. Molecules. 2020; 25: 4737.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204737"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali M, Sayem SAJ, Quah Y, Lee E-B, Birhanu BT, Suk K, et al. Investigation of Potential Antioxidants, Thrombolytic and Neuropharmacological Activities of Homalomena aromatica Leaves Using Experimental and In Silico Approaches. Molecules. 2021; 26: 975.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040975"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dev C, Nidhi S. Basketful benefit of Citrus limon. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2016; 7: 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.7897\/2230-8407.07653"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Morton JF. Fruits of warm climates. Creative Resource Systems. Inc.: Winterville, USA. 1987:18\u201322."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Saini ML, Behl RK. Screening of citrus rootstocks for salt tolerance in semi-arid climates - a review. Tropics. 2003; 13: 53\u201366.","DOI":"10.3759\/tropics.13.53"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faddetta T, Abbate L, Alibrandi P, Arancio W, Siino D, Strati F, et al. The endophytic microbiota of Citrus limon is transmitted from seed to shoot highlighting differences of bacterial and fungal community structures. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11: 7078.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86399-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noshad M, Alizadeh Behbahani B, Jooyandeh H, Rahmati\u2010Joneidabad M, Hemmati Kaykha ME, Ghodsi Sheikhjan M. Utilization of Plantago major seed mucilage containing Citrus limon essential oil as an edible coating to improve shelf\u2010life of buffalo meat under refrigeration conditions. Food Science & Nutrition. 2021; 9: 1625\u20131639.","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2137"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevindik E, Ayd\u0131n S, Sujka M, Apayd\u0131n E, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m K, Palas G. GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Fruit Peel of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) Grown in the West Anatolian Area. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 2021; 63: 135\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10341-021-00549-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bora H, Kamle M, Mahato DK, Tiwari P, Kumar P. Citrus essential oils (CEOs) and their applications in food: An overview. Plants. 2020; 9: 357.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9030357"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy S, Nath D, Paul P, Chakraborty S. Computational identification of conserved microRNAs and functional annotation of their target genes in Citrus limon. South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 130: 109\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.12.009"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mas MC, Rambla JL, L\u00f3pez-Gresa MP, Bl\u00e1zquez MA, Granell A. Volatile compounds in citrus essential oils: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Plant science. 2019; 10: 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Citrus limon (Lemon) phenomenon\u2014a review of the chemistry, pharmacological properties, applications in the modern pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies. Plants. 2020; 9: 119.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9010119"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abad-Garc\u00eda B, Garm\u00f3n-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F. On line characterization of 58 phenolic compounds in Citrus fruit juices from Spanish cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Talanta. 2012; 99: 213\u2013224.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.05.042"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Salas P, G\u00f3mez-Caravaca AM, Arr\u00e1ez-Rom\u00e1n D, Segura-Carretero A, Guerra-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Garc\u00eda-Villanova B, et al. Influence of technological processes on phenolic compounds, organic acids, furanic derivatives, and antioxidant activity of whole-lemon powder. Food Chemistry. 2013; 141: 869\u2013878.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.02.124"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo M, Bonaccorsi I, Costa R, Trozzi A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Reduced time HPLC analyses for fast quality control ofcitrusessential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2015; 27: 307\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2015.1027419"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortega F, Arce VB, Garcia MA. Nanocomposite starch-based films containing silver nanoparticles synthesized with lemon juice as reducing and stabilizing agent. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2021; 252: 117208.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117208"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramassamy C. Emerging role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review of their intracellular targets. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2006; 545: 51\u201364.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.06.025"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olas B. A review of in vitro studies of the anti-platelet potential of citrus fruit flavonoids. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2021; 150: 112090.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112090"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardak A, \u00c7elik S, Erdo\u011fan O, Ekinci R, Dumlupinar Z. Association Map-ping of Verticillium Wilt Disease in a Worldwide Collection of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plants. 2021; 10: 306","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020306"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafiz W, Zilani MNH, Sultana NA, Isalm MM, Anisuzzman M, Hossain MG. Neuropharmacological potential of Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) leaf and root in mice. Clinical Phytoscience. 2019; 5: 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-019-0099-x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patra JK, Dhal NK, Thatoi HN. In vitro bioactivity and phytochemical screening of Suaeda maritima (Dumort): a mangrove associate from Bhitarkanika, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2011; 4: 727\u2013734.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60182-X"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Amorim EL, Nascimento JE, Monteiro JM, Peixoto Sobrinho T, Ara\u00fajo TA, Albuquerque UP. A simple and accurate procedure for the determination of tannin and flavonoid levels and some applications in ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. Functional Ecosystems and Communities. 2008; 2: 88\u201394."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Kumar AR, Subburathinam K, Prabakar G. Phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants of asclepiadaceae family. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences. 2007; 9: 177\u2013180."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edeoga HO, Okwu D, Mbaebie B. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African journal of biotechnology. 2005; 4: 685\u2013688.","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2005.000-3127"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raihan MO, Habib MR, Brishti A, Rahman MM, Saleheen MM, Manna M. Sedative and anxiolytic effects of the methanolic extract of Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. leaf. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics. 2011; 5: 185\u2013189.","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2011.v5.4.185"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Rahman MT, Ferdous M, Rouf R, Sarker SD. Assessment of neuropharmacological activities of Pandanus foetidus (Pandanaceae) in mice. Die Pharmazie. 2006; 61: 362\u2013364."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamei J, Matsunawa Y, Miyata S, Tanaka S, Saitoh A. Effects of nociceptin on the exploratory behavior of mice in the hole-board test. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2004; 489: 77\u201387.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.12.020"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gould TD, Dao DT, Kovacsics CE. The Open Field Test. Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice. 2009; 6: 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-303-9_1"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao L, Sun Z, Yang L, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Neuropharmacological effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2020; 47: 531\u2013542.","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13228"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo JRC, Campos AR, de Barros M.V. Damasceno M, Santos SAAR, Ferreira MKA, de Azevedo Moreira R, et al. Neuropharmacological Characterization of Dioclea altissima Seed Lectin (DAL) in Mice: Evidence of Anxiolytic-like Effect Mediated by Serotonergic, GABAergic Receptors and no Pathway. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2020; 26: 3895\u20133904.","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200331093207"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar K, Sharma S, Kumar P, Deshmukh R. Therapeutic potential of GABA(B) receptor ligands in drug addiction, anxiety, depression and other CNS disorders. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 2013; 110: 174\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.07.003"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojcieszak J, Andrzejczak D, Wojtas A, Go\u0142embiowska K, Zawilska JB. Comparative neuropharmacological studies on three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinones. Forensic Toxicology. 2020; 38: 378\u2013393.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-020-00523-0"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shams-Ud-Doha K, Al Mahmud Z, Bachar SC, Qais N. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and central nervous system depressant activities of ethanolic extract of leaves and roots of Gomphostemma parviflorum var. parviflorum wall. Pharmacognosy Research. 2013; 5: 233\u2013240.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.118777"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana T, Mannan MA, Ahmed T. Evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity of methanolic extract of Commelina diffusa Burm. in mice. Clinical Phytoscience. 2018; 4: 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0063-1"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Khan A, Muhammad S, Jan SU, Gul R. Analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of Berberis lycium Royle collected from district Sherani Balochistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 33: 1689\u20131695."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez S, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M. Sedative and sleep-enhancing properties of linarin, a flavonoid-isolated from Valeriana officinalis. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 2004; 77: 399\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.12.003"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Sohi S, Shri R. Neuropharmacological potential of the genus Citrus: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7: 538\u2013548."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarker SD, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Rouf R, Ferdous M, Nahar L. Neuropharmacological properties of Xylocarpus moluccensis. Fitoterapia. 2007; 78: 107\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2006.09.029"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaughlin I, Dani JA, De Biasi M. Nicotine withdrawal. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. 2015; 24: 99\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13482-6_4"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakaria M, Cho D, Ezazul Haque M, Karthivashan G, Kim I, Ganesan P, et al. Neuropharmacological Potential and Delivery Prospects of Thymoquinone for Neurological Disorders. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2018; 2018: 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1209801"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali A, Ahmad FJ, Pillai KK, Vohora D. Evidence of the antiepileptic potential of amiloride with neuropharmacological benefits in rodent models of epilepsy and behavior. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2004; 5: 322\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.01.005"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang J, Son Y, Kang SS, Bae C, Kim J, Kim S, et al. Neuropharmacological Potential ofGastrodia elataBlume and its Components. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 2015: 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/309261"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulte C, Maric HM. Expanding GABAAR pharmacology via receptor-associated proteins. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 2021; 57: 98\u2013106.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.01.004"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goni O, Khan MF, Rahman MM, Hasan MZ, Kader FB, Sazzad N, et al. Pharmacological insights on the antidepressant, anxiolytic and aphrodisiac potentials of Aglaonema hookerianum Schott. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021; 268: 113664.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113664"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toth M. Epigenetic Neuropharmacology: Drugs Affecting the Epigenome in the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2021; 61: 181\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-030220-022920"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari R, Latheef SK, Ahmed I, Iqbal HMN, Bule MH, Dhama K, et al. Herbal Immunomodulators - a Remedial Panacea for Designing and Developing Effective Drugs and Medicines: Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Current Drug Metabolism. 2018; 19: 264\u2013301.","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180129125436"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dey P, Chandra S, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharya S. Neuropharmacological properties of Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae). Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2011; 2: 255\u2013259.","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90883"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinda PT, Zerbo P, Guenn\u00e9 S, Compaor\u00e9 M, Ciobica A, Kiendrebeogo M. Medicinal Plants used for Neuropsychiatric Disorders Treatment in the Hauts Bassins Region of Burkina Faso. Medicines. 2017; 4: 32.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines4020032"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar GP, Anilakumar KR, Naveen S. Phytochemicals Having Neuroprotective Properties from Dietary Sources and Medicinal Herbs. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2015; 07: 01\u201317.","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2015.1.1"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira LK, de Brito AF, Fontana C, de Carvalho FS, Sanz G, Vaz BG, et al. Neuropharmacological assessment in mice and molecular docking of piperazine derivative LQFM212. Behavioural Brain Research. 2020; 394: 112827.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112827"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha PS, Sarkar S, Jeyasri R, Muthuramalingam P, Ramesh M, Jha S. In vitro propagation, phytochemical and neuropharmacological profiles of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: a review. Plants. 2020; 9: 411.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9040411"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed Sur T, Akbaba E, Hassan SA, Bagci E. Neuropharmacological profile of Hypericum scabrum L. essential oil in rats. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020; 32: 79\u201387.","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2019.1655491"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arumugam V, John VS, Augustine N, Jacob T, Joy SM, Sen S, et al. The impact of antidepressant treatment on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level: an evidence-based approach through systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2017; 49: 236\u2013242.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_700_16"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akter M, Afroze M, Khatun A. Evaluation of analgesic, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011; 1: 6\u201311.","DOI":"10.3329\/icpj.v1i1.9218"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zafar Imam M, Sultana S, Akter S. Antinociceptive, antidiarrheal, and neuropharmacological activities of Barringtonia acutangula. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2012; 50: 1078\u20131084.","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.656850"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Jiji K, Muralidharan P. Neuropharmacological Potential of Clitoria ternatea Linn.-A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; 13: 5497\u20135502."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan A, Ikram M, Hahm JR, Kim MO. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants. 2020; 9: 609.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070609"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamede AMGN, de Souza Coelho CC, Freitas-Silva O, Barboza HTG, Soares AG. Lemon. In Jaiswal AK (ed.) Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables (pp. 377\u2013392). Academic Press: Cambridge MA. 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812780-3.00023-4"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuzzo D, Picone P, Giardina C, Scordino M, Mud\u00f2 G, Pagliaro M, et al. New Neuroprotective Effect of Lemon IntegroPectin on Neuronal Cellular Model. Antioxidants. 2021; 10: 669.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050669"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/21\/1\/10.31083\/j.jin2101042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T15:52:49Z","timestamp":1732722769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/21\/1\/10.31083\/j.jin2101042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S0219-6352(22)00302-3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2101042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-6352","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-448X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"article-number":"42"}}