{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:29:51Z","timestamp":1788280191264,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021C03050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C03050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program of Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center","award":["ZK2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK2001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The efficacy of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) requires further investigation. Methods: We randomly assigned 60 patients with PSCI to receive iTBS (n = 21), tDCS (n = 19), or cognitive training alone (n = 20). Cognitive function was evaluated by the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed with the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Of these patients, 14 participated in the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement. Results: After six weeks of treatment, cognitive function improved in all three groups of PSCI patients. Compared with patients receiving only cognitive training, the cognitive function of patients in the iTBS combined with cognitive training (p = 0.003) and tDCS combined with cognitive training groups (p = 0.006) showed greater improvement. The cognitive improvement from tDCS was related to the activation of the frontopolar cortex (FPC), while the improvement of cognition by iTBS was based on the activation of the stimulation site (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and some distant regions. Conclusions: Both iTBS and tDCS in addition to cognitive training appear to improve cognitive function and quality of life of patients with PSCI, compared to cognitive training alone. tDCS improved cognitive function by improving the patient\u2019s valuation, motivation, and decision-making substructures, while iTBS improved patients\u2019 assessment and decision-making abilities, improving cognitive control and, ultimately, overall cognitive function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2105130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T05:27:27Z","timestamp":1658467647000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Efficacy of Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treatment of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Minmin","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310013 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310013 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianer","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310013 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenmei","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310013 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Center for Rehabilitation Assessment and Therapy, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feilan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Encephalopathy Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiancong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Center for Rehabilitation Assessment and Therapy, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Center for Rehabilitation Assessment and Therapy, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2014; 383: 245\u2013254.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61953-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlson MC, Xue QL, Zhou J, Fried LP. Executive Decline and Dysfunction Precedes Declines in Memory: the Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study II. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2009; 64A: 110\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln008"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016; 133: e38\u2013360."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavirajan H, Schneider LS. Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Neurology. 2007; 6: 782\u2013792.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70195-3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomassoni D, Lanari A, Silvestrelli G, Traini E, Amenta F. Nimodipine and its Use in Cerebrovascular Disease: Evidence from Recent Preclinical and Controlled Clinical Studies. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 2008; 30: 744\u2013766.","DOI":"10.1080\/10641960802580232"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen J, Suarez A, Kemoun G, Meignier M, Le Saout E, Damier P, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurophysiologie Clinique\/Clinical Neurophysiology. 2017; 47: 47\u201353.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2017.01.001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luber B, Lisanby SH. Enhancement of human cognitive performance using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). NeuroImage. 2014; 85: 961\u2013970.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.007"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossheinrich N, Rau A, Pogarell O, Hennig-Fast K, Reinl M, Karch S, et al. Theta Burst Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex: Safety and Impact on Cognition, Mood, and Resting Electroencephalogram. Biological Psychiatry. 2009; 65: 778\u2013784.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.029"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wischnewski M, Schutter DJLG. Efficacy and Time Course of Theta Burst Stimulation in Healthy Humans. Brain Stimulation. 2015; 8: 685\u2013692.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.03.004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang Y, Edwards MJ, Rounis E, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC. Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex. Neuron. 2005; 45: 201\u2013206.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blumberger DM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Thorpe KE, Feffer K, Noda Y, Giacobbe P, et al. Effectiveness of theta burst versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): a randomised non-inferiority trial. The Lancet. 2018; 391: 1683\u20131692.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30295-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavorotnyy M, Z\u00f6llner R, Rekate H, Dietsche P, Bopp M, Sommer J, et al. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation moderates interaction between increment of N-Acetyl-Aspartate in anterior cingulate and improvement of unipolar depression. Brain Stimulation. 2020; 13: 943\u2013952.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.015"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ni HC, Chen YL. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the posterior superior temporal sulcus for children with autism spectrum disorder: A 4-week randomized blinded controlled trial followed by another 4-week open-label intervention. Autism. 2021; 25: 1279\u20131294.","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321990534"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trung J, Hanganu A, Jobert S, Degroot C, Mejia-Constain B, Kibreab M, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognition over time in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2019; 66: 3\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.07.006"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marquez J, van Vliet P, McElduff P, Lagopoulos J, Parsons M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): does it have Merit in Stroke Rehabilitation? A Systematic Review. International Journal of Stroke. 2015; 10: 306\u2013316.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12169"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Antal A, Nitsche MA. Physiology of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. The Journal of ECT. 2018; 34: 144\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000510"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridriksson J, Rorden C, Elm J, Sen S, George MS, Bonilha L. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation vs Sham Stimulation to Treat Aphasia after Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology. 2018; 75: 1470.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2287"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao X, Cui L, Wang J, Feng W, Bao Y, Xie Q. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation with virtual reality on upper limb function in patients with ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2020; 17: 73.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00699-x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosentino G, Tassorelli C, Prunetti P, Bertino G, De Icco R, Todisco M, et al. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and intermittent theta\u2010burst stimulation improve deglutition and swallowing reproducibility in elderly patients with dysphagia. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2020; 32","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13791"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Im JJ, Jeong H, Bikson M, Woods AJ, Unal G, Oh JK, et al. Effects of 6-month at-home transcranial direct current stimulation on cognition and cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain Stimulation. 2019; 12: 1222\u20131228.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.003"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau C, Liu M, Chang K, Chang A, Bai C, Tseng C, et al. Effect of single\u2010session transcranial direct current stimulation on cognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2019; 25: 1237\u20131243.","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13210"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldthorpe RA, Rapley JM, Violante IR. A Systematic Review of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Applications to Memory in Healthy Aging. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020; 11: 575075.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.575075"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan T, Nikolin S, Loo CK, Martin DM. Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation for Modulating the Posterior Parietal Cortex. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2019; 25: 972\u2013984.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000766"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razza LB, Buchpiguel CA, De Smet S, Klein I, Baeken C, Galhardoni R, et al. Combined effects of theta-burst stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: study protocol of a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial using 99mTc-ECD SPECT. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. 2021; 43: 293\u2013301.","DOI":"10.47626\/2237-6089-2020-0110"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hramov AE, Grubov V, Badarin A, Maksimenko VA, Pisarchik AN. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Classification of Motor-Related Brain Activity on the Sensor-Level. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). 2020; 20: 2362.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082362"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehlis A, Schneider S, Dresler T, Fallgatter AJ. Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry. NeuroImage. 2014; 85: 478\u2013488.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.067"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uemura K, Shimada H, Doi T, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Park H, et al. Reduced prefrontal oxygenation in mild cognitive impairment during memory retrieval. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2016; 31: 583\u2013591.","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4363"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beishon L, Haunton VJ, Panerai RB, Robinson TG. Cerebral Hemodynamics in Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. 2017; 59: 369\u2013385.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170181"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermeij A, Kessels RPC, Heskamp L, Simons EMF, Dautzenberg PLJ, Claassen J. Prefrontal activation may predict working-memory training gain in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging and Behavior. 2017; 11: 141\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9508-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Udina C, Avtzi S, Durduran T, Holtzer R, Rosso AL, Castellano-Tejedor C, et al. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Cerebral Hemodynamics in Older Adults During Cognitive and Motor Tasks: A Review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019; 11: 367.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00367"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Mao Z, Ling Z, Yu X. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Neurology. 2020; 267: 791\u2013801.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09644-y"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou Y, Ton That V, Sundman M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiology of Aging. 2020; 86: 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.020"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Wang SY, Gong ZK, Sen J, Han L, Zhang M, Chen W. The usefulness of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognition Assessment in evaluating cognitive function in patients with stroke. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2014; 18: 3665\u20133672."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon JA, Kong IJ, Choi J, Baek JY, Kim EJ, Shin Y, et al. Neural Compensatory Response during Complex Cognitive Function Tasks in Mild Cognitive Impairment: a near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Neural Plasticity. 2019; 2019: 7845104.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7845104"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agbangla NF, Audiffren M, Albinet CT. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the investigation of brain activation during cognitive aging: a systematic review of an emerging area of research. Ageing Research Reviews. 2017; 38: 52\u201366.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.07.003"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrmann MJ, Horst AK, L\u00f6ble S, M\u00f6ll MT, Katzorke A, Polak T. Relevance of Dorsolateral and Frontotemporal Cortex on the Phonemic Verbal Fluency \u2013 a fNIRS-Study. Neuroscience. 2017; 367: 169\u2013177.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.10.028"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li T, Gong H, Luo Q. Visualization of light propagation in visible Chinese human head for functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2011; 16: 045001.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3567085"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishii-Takahashi A, Takizawa R, Nishimura Y, Kawakubo Y, Kuwabara H, Matsubayashi J, et al. Prefrontal activation during inhibitory control measured by near-infrared spectroscopy for differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2014; 4: 53\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.10.002"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoshi Y, Kobayashi N, Tamura M. Interpretation of near-infrared spectroscopy signals: a study with a newly developed perfused rat brain model. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2001; 90: 1657\u20131662.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.5.1657"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hesselmann V, Zaro Weber O, Wedekind C, Krings T, Schulte O, Kugel H, et al. Age related signal decrease in functional magnetic resonance imaging during motor stimulation in humans. Neuroscience Letters. 2001; 308: 141\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01920-6"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang R, Geng B, Zhang T, Yuan D, Otani S, et al. Interplay between prior knowledge and communication mode on teaching effectiveness: Interpersonal neural synchronization as a neural marker. NeuroImage. 2019; 193: 93\u2013102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.004"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fishburn FA, Ludlum RS, Vaidya CJ, Medvedev AV. Temporal Derivative Distribution Repair (TDDR): a motion correction method for fNIRS. NeuroImage. 2019; 184: 171\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.025"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia M, Wang J, He Y. BrainNet Viewer: a network visualization tool for human brain connectomics. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8: e68910.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068910"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zheng H, Peng L, Ai Y, et al. Effects of rTMS Treatment on Cognitive Impairment and Resting-State Brain Activity in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 2020; 14: 563777.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2020.563777"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubreuil-Vall L, Chau P, Ruffini G, Widge AS, Camprodon JA. TDCS to the left DLPFC modulates cognitive and physiological correlates of executive function in a state-dependent manner. Brain Stimulation. 2019; 12: 1456\u20131463.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.006"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderkova L, Pizem D, Klobusiakova P, Gajdos M, Koritakova E, Rektorova I. Theta Burst Stimulation Enhances Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network in Young Healthy Subjects: an Exploratory Study. Neural Plasticity. 2018; 2018: 3106918.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3106918"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paker N, Bu\u011fdayc\u0131 D, Tekd\u00f6\u015f D, Kaya B, Dere C. Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Functional Outcome in Stroke. Stroke Research and Treatment. 2010; 2010: 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/652612"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond A. Executive Functions. Annual Review of Psychology. 2013; 64: 135\u2013168.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tupak SV, Dresler T, Badewien M, Hahn T, Ernst LH, Herrmann MJ, et al. Inhibitory transcranial magnetic theta burst stimulation attenuates prefrontal cortex oxygenation. Human Brain Mapping. 2013; 34: 150\u2013157.","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21421"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuzuki D, Jurcak V, Singh AK, Okamoto M, Watanabe E, Dan I. Virtual spatial registration of stand-alone fNIRS data to MNI space. NeuroImage. 2007; 34: 1506\u20131518.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.043"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deppermann S, Vennewald N, Diemer J, Sickinger S, Haeussinger FB, Dresler T, et al. Neurobiological and clinical effects of fNIRS-controlled rTMS in patients with panic disorder\/agoraphobia during cognitive-behavioural therapy. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2017; 16: 668\u2013677.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.09.013"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman NP, Robbins TW. The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022; 47: 72\u201389.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chase HW, Clark L, Sahakian BJ, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW. Dissociable roles of prefrontal subregions in self-ordered working memory performance. Neuropsychologia. 2008; 46: 2650\u20132661.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.021"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badre D, D\u2019Esposito M. Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical? Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2009; 10: 659\u2013669.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2667"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Casta\u00f1eda P, Santiago-Molina E, Aguirre-Loaiza H, Daza Gonz\u00e1lez MT. \u201cCool\u201d and \u201cHot\u201d Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11: 571271.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.571271"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess PW, Dumontheil I, Gilbert SJ. The gateway hypothesis of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2007; 11: 290\u2013298.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.05.004"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minati L, Campanh\u00e3 C, Critchley HD, Boggio PS. Effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during a mixed-gambling risky decision-making task. Cognitive Neuroscience. 2012; 3: 80\u201388.","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2011.628382"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue G, Juan C, Chang C, Lu Z, Dong Q. Lateral prefrontal cortex contributes to maladaptive decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012; 109: 4401\u20134406.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111927109"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanji J, Hoshi E. Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Executive Behavioral Control. Physiological Reviews. 2008; 88: 37\u201357.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2007"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang P, Wang Z, Yang Y, Jia X, Li K. Functional disconnection and compensation in mild cognitive impairment: evidence from DLPFC connectivity using resting-state fMRI. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e22153.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022153"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang Y, Jiao X, Wang J, Zhu T, Zhou J, Qian Z, et al. Dynamic Functional Connectivity Within the Fronto-Limbic Network Induced by Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2019; 13: 944.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00944"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costafreda SG, Fu CHY, Lee L, Everitt B, Brammer MJ, David AS. A systematic review and quantitative appraisal of fMRI studies of verbal fluency: Role of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Human Brain Mapping. 2006; 27: 799\u2013810.","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20221"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polan\u00eda R, Nitsche MA, Ruff CC. Studying and modifying brain function with non-invasive brain stimulation. Nature Neuroscience. 2018; 21: 174\u2013187.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0054-4"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chase HW, Boudewyn MA, Carter CS, Phillips ML. Transcranial direct current stimulation: a roadmap for research, from mechanism of action to clinical implementation. Molecular Psychiatry. 2020; 25: 397\u2013407.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0499-9"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palm U, Kumpf U, Behler N, Wulf L, Kirsch B, W\u00f6rsching J, et al. Home Use, Remotely Supervised, and Remotely Controlled Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Systematic Review of the Available Evidence. Neuromodulation. 2018; 21: 323\u2013233.","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12686"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/21\/5\/10.31083\/j.jin2105130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T10:43:42Z","timestamp":1732704222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/21\/5\/10.31083\/j.jin2105130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S0219-6352(22)00372-2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2105130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-6352","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-448X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"article-number":"130"}}