{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:56:29Z","timestamp":1767707789661,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projects in Science and Technique Plans of Hengshui City","award":["2019014078Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019014078Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a general term for a group of inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon caused by different etiologies. Patients of RE caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are sporadic in medical practice. The VZV-RE is easily misdiagnosed and causes a poor prognosis for patients. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the clinical symptoms and imaging features of five patients with VZV-RE diagnosed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was used to characterize the imaging of the patients. The McNemar test was used to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid testing (CSF) values and MRI test of the 5 patients. Results: We finally used NGS technology to confirm the diagnosis in 5 patients with VZV-RE. MRI revealed T2\/FLAIR high signal lesions in the patients\u2019 medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. All patients had early signs of cranial nerve palsy; some had herpes or pain in the corresponding cranial nerve distribution areas. The patients develop headaches, fever, nausea, vomiting, and other signs and symptoms of brainstem cerebellar involvement. McNemar\u2019s test showed no statistical difference between multi-mode MRI and CSF values for diagnosing VZV-RE (p = 0.513). Conclusions: This study showed that patients with herpes in the skin and mucous membranes at the distribution area of the cranial nerves and with the underlying disease were prone to RE. We suggest that the NGS analysis should be considered and selected based on the level of parameters, such as MRI lesion characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2202036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T07:33:00Z","timestamp":1676619180000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Next-Generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of VZV-Associated Rhombencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jingzhe","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Si","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duanhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Function Examination, Hengshui People's Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilei","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hengshui People\u2019s Hospital, 050000 Hengshui, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jubelt B, Mihai C, Li TM, Veerapaneni P. Rhombencephalitis\/brainstem encephalitis. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2011; 11: 543\u2013552.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0228-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos LG, Trindade RA, Faistauer \u00c2, P\u00e9rez JA, Vedolin LM, Duarte J\u00c1. Rhombencephalitis: pictorial essay. Radiologia Brasileira. 2016; 49: 329\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2015.0189"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson MR, Naccache SN, Samayoa E, Biagtan M, Bashir H, Yu G, et al. Actionable Diagnosis of Neuroleptospirosis by next-Generation Sequencing. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014; 370: 2408\u20132417.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401268"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan H, Shen A, Lv X, Yang X, Ren H, Zhao Y, et al. Detection of virus in CSF from the cases with meningoencephalitis by next-generation sequencing. 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Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2015; 359: 57\u201358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.029"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/22\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2202036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T15:54:34Z","timestamp":1732722874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/22\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2202036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S0219-6352(22)00454-5"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2202036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0219-6352"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-448X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"article-number":"36"}}