{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:43:14Z","timestamp":1767922994325,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["20K16657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K16657"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psychosocial stress factors, such as threat and defeat, are major risk factors for the development of depression. The precise mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression are not clearly understood because the stress response in the brain varies in a stress-frequency-dependent manner. In the current research milieu on the pathogenesis of depression, the focus is on depression-like behavioral phenotype, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and hippocampal neurogenesis. However, most studies have evaluated the symptomatic features of depression at certain time points after exposure to psychosocial stress. Here, we examined the frequency-dependent effects of psychosocial stress on depression-related features in rats. Methods: In the present study, different frequencies (one, two, three, or four times) of psychosocial stress were applied to 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats using a resident\/intruder paradigm. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to a stress reactivity test to evaluate HPA axis activity, following which assessments of immobility behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) and adult neurogenesis were conducted. Results: One-time stressed rats showed a decrease in immobility behavior in the FST and the amount of doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. Two-time stress caused hypoactivity of the HPA axis. In contrast, immobility behavior and HPA axis activity were increased after four-time stress exposure, but the number of DCX-positive cells was decreased. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that psychosocial stress produces a biphasic effect on the symptoms of depression in a stress-frequency-dependent manner, which could provide insights to facilitate further pathogenesis research on depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2202043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T01:14:41Z","timestamp":1677460481000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dynamic Changes of Behavioral Despair, HPA Axis Activity, and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Male Rats Induced by Social Defeat Stress"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Murata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Kawanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Terada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 670-8524 Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taichi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ohe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munechika","family":"Enjoji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 814-0180 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron C, Habert J, Anand L, Furtado M. Optimizing the management of depression: primary care experience. Psychiatry Research. 2014; Suppl 1: S45\u2013S57.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(14)70005-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunnar M, Quevedo K. The neurobiology of stress and development. Annual Review Psychology. 2007; 58: 145\u2013173.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan V, Nestler EJ. The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature. 2008; 455: 894\u2013902.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07455"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millan MJ, Agid Y, Br\u00fcne M, Bullmore ET, Carter CS, Clayton NS, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 2012; 11: 141\u2013168.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3628"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadopoulou A, Siamatras T, Delgado-Morales R, Amin ND, Shukla V, Zheng YL, et al. Acute and chronic stress differentially regulate cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in mouse brain: implications to glucocorticoid actions and major depression. Translational Psychiatry. 2015; 5: e578.","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.72"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saaltink DJ, Vreugdenhil E. Stress, glucocorticoid receptors, and adult neurogenesis: a balance between excitation and inhibition? Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2014; 71: 2499\u20132515.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1568-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charney DS. Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 195\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.2.195"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Sex, stress and the hippocampus: allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process. Neurobiology of Aging. 2002; 23: 921\u2013939.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00027-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0105dek-Michalska A, Spyrka J, Rachwalska P, Tadeusz J, Bugajski J. Influence of chronic stress on brain corticosteroid receptors and HPA axis activity. Pharmacological Reports. 2013; 65: 1163\u20131175.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71474-9"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS, Jo\u00ebls M. Stress and cognition: are corticosteroids good or bad guys? Trends in Neurosciences. 1999; 22: 422\u2013426.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01438-1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwabe L, Sch\u00e4chinger H, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Corticosteroids operate as a switch between memory systems. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2010; 22: 1362\u20131372.","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21278"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang YL, Zeng NX, Chen J, Niu J, Luo WL, Liu P, et al. Dynamic changes of behaviors, dentate gyrus neurogenesis and hippocampal miR-124 expression in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Neural Regeneration Research. 2020; 15: 1150\u20131159.","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.270414"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown GW. Genetic and population perspectives on life events and depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1998; 33: 363\u2013372.","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050067"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkqvist K. Social defeat as a stressor in humans. Physiology & Behavior. 2001; 73: 435\u2013442.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00490-5"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA. Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999; 156: 837\u2013841.","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.837"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler RC. The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annual Review of Psychology. 1997; 48: 191\u2013214.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pine DS, Cohen P, Johnson JG, Brook JS. Adolescent life events as predictors of adult depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2002; 68: 49\u201357.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00331-1"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollis F, Kabbaj M. Social defeat as an animal model for depression. ILAR Journal. 2014; 55: 221\u2013232.","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel D, Kas MJ, Chattarji S, Buwalda B. Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: relevance to depressive-like disorders. Behavioural Brain Research. 2019; 369: 111900.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111900"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moser MB, Moser EI. Functional differentiation in the hippocampus. Hippocampus. 1998; 8: 608\u2013619.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<608::AID-HIPO3>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahay A, Hen R. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression. Nature Neuroscience. 2007; 10: 1110\u20131115.","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1969"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean J, Keshavan M. The neurobiology of depression: An integrated view. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2017; 27: 101\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.01.025"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kempermann G, Kronenberg G. Depressed new neurons\u2013adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a cellular plasticity hypothesis of major depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2003; 54: 499\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00319-6"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park SC. Neurogenesis and antidepressant action. Cell and Tissue Research. 2019; 377: 95\u2013106.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03043-5"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder JS, Soumier A, Brewer M, Pickel J, Cameron HA. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour. Nature. 2011; 476: 458\u2013461.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10287"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schloesser RJ, Manji HK, Martinowich K. Suppression of adult neurogenesis leads to an increased hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis response. Neuroreport. 2009; 20: 553\u2013557.","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283293e59"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron HA, Gould E. Adult neurogenesis is regulated by adrenal steroids in the dentate gyrus. Neuroscience. 1994; 61: 203\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90224-0"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pariante CM. Risk factors for development of depression and psychosis. Glucocorticoid receptors and pituitary implications for treatment with antidepressant and glucocorticoids. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009; 1179: 144\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04978.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirescu C, Gould E. Stress and adult neurogenesis. Hippocampus. 2006; 16: 233\u2013238.","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20155"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tae WS, Kim SS, Lee KU, Nam EC, Choi JW, Park JI. Hippocampal shape deformation in female patients with unremitting major depressive disorder. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2011; 32: 671\u2013676.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2367"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanapat P, Hastings NB, Rydel TA, Galea LA, Gould E. Exposure to fox odor inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats via an adrenal hormone-dependent mechanism. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 2001; 437: 496\u2013504.","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1297"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cz\u00e9h B, Michaelis T, Watanabe T, Frahm J, de Biurrun G, van Kampen M, et al. Stress-induced changes in cerebral metabolites, hippocampal volume, and cell proliferation are prevented by antidepressant treatment with tianeptine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001; 98: 12796\u201312801.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211427898"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cz\u00e9h B, Welt T, Fischer AK, Erhardt A, Schmitt W, M\u00fcller MB, et al. Chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects on stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Biological Psychiatry. 2002; 52: 1057\u20131065.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01457-9"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinsey SG, Bailey MT, Sheridan JF, Padgett DA, Avitsur R. Repeated social defeat causes increased anxiety-like behavior and alters splenocyte function in C57BL\/6 and CD-1 mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2007; 21: 458\u2013466.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.11.001"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trainor BC, Pride MC, Villalon Landeros R, Knoblauch NW, Takahashi EY, Silva AL, et al. Sex differences in social interaction behavior following social defeat stress in the monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e17405.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017405"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker C, Zeau B, Rivat C, Blugeot A, Hamon M, Benoliel JJ. Repeated social defeat-induced depression-like behavioral and biological alterations in rats: involvement of cholecystokinin. Molecular Psychiatry. 2008; 13: 1079\u20131092.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002097"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murata Y, Yanagihara Y, Mori M, Mine K, Enjoji M. Chronic treatment with tandospirone, a serotonin 1A receptor partial agonist, inhibits psychosocial stress-induced changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015; 180: 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.054"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murata Y, Matsuda H, Mikami Y, Hirose S, Mori M, Ohe K, et al. Chronic administration of quetiapine stimulates dorsal hippocampal proliferation and immature neurons of male rats, but does not reverse psychosocial stress-induced hyponeophagic behavior. Psychiatry Research. 2019; 272: 411\u2013418.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.137"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori M, Murata Y, Tsuchihashi M, Hanakita N, Terasaki F, Harada H, et al. Continuous psychosocial stress stimulates BMP signaling in dorsal hippocampus concomitant with anxiety-like behavior associated with differential modulation of cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Behavioural Brain Research. 2020; 392: 112711.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112711"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Touma C, Bunck M, Glasl L, Nussbaumer M, Palme R, Stein H, et al. Mice selected for high versus low stress reactivity: a new animal model for affective disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008; 33: 839\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.013"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Watson C, The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. sixth ed. Academic Press: New York. 2007."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cryan JF, Valentino RJ, Lucki I. Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2005; 29: 547\u2013569.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.008"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porsolt RD, Le Pichon M, Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature. 1977; 266: 730\u2013732.","DOI":"10.1038\/266730a0"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rygula R, Abumaria N, Fl\u00fcgge G, Fuchs E, R\u00fcther E, Havemann-Reinecke U. Anhedonia and motivational deficits in rats: impact of chronic social stress. Behavioural Brain Research. 2005; 162: 127\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.03.009"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rygula R, Abumaria N, Domenici E, Hiemke C, Fuchs E. Effects of fluoxetine on behavioral deficits evoked by chronic social stress in rats. Behavioural Brain Research. 2006; 174: 188\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.07.017"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rygula R, Abumaria N, Havemann-Reinecke U, R\u00fcther E, Hiemke C, Zernig G, et al. Pharmacological validation of a chronic social stress model of depression in rats: effects of reboxetine, haloperidol and diazepam. Behavioural Pharmacology. 2008; 19: 183\u2013196.","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3282fe8871"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobs BL, van Praag H, Gage FH. Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: a novel theory of depression. Molecular Psychiatry. 2000; 5: 262\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000712"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanti A, Belzung C. Neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus: are depression and the action of antidepressants region-specific? Neuroscience. 2013; 252: 234\u2013252.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.08.017"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Couillard-Despres S, Winner B, Schaubeck S, Aigner R, Vroemen M, Weidner N, et al. Doublecortin expression levels in adult brain reflect neurogenesis. The European Journal of Neuroscience. 2005; 21: 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03813.x"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao MS, Shetty AK. Efficacy of doublecortin as a marker to analyse the absolute number and dendritic growth of newly generated neurons in the adult dentate gyrus. The European Journal of Neuroscience. 2004; 19: 234\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2003.03123.x"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagace DC, Donovan MH, DeCarolis NA, Farnbauch LA, Malhotra S, Berton O, et al. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is functionally important for stress-induced social avoidance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010; 107: 4436\u20134441.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910072107"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruis MA, te Brake JH, Buwalda B, De Boer SF, Meerlo P, Korte SM, et al. Housing familiar male wildtype rats together reduces the long-term adverse behavioural and physiological effects of social defeat. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999; 24: 285\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00050-X"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anacker C, Luna VM, Stevens GS, Millette A, Shores R, Jimenez JC, et al. Hippocampal neurogenesis confers stress resilience by inhibiting the ventral dentate gyrus. Nature. 2018; 559: 98\u2013102.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0262-4"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wurmser AE, Palmer TD, Gage FH. Neuroscience. Cellular interactions in the stem cell niche. Science. 2004; 304: 1253\u20131255.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099344"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swaab DF, Bao AM, Lucassen PJ. The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration. Ageing Research Reviews. 2005; 4: 141\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2005.03.003"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bodnoff SR, Humphreys AG, Lehman JC, Diamond DM, Rose GM, Meaney MJ. Enduring effects of chronic corticosterone treatment on spatial learning, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal neuropathology in young and mid-aged rats. The Journal of Neuroscience. 1995; 15: 61\u201369.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00061.1995"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dachir S, Kadar T, Robinzon B, Levy A. Cognitive deficits induced in young rats by long-term corticosterone administration. Behavioral and Neural Biology. 1993; 60: 103\u2013109.","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(93)90173-F"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews. 2007; 87: 873\u2013904.","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandi C, Rose SP. Protein synthesis- and fucosylation-dependent mechanisms in corticosterone facilitation of long-term memory in the chick. Behavioral Neuroscience. 1997; 111: 1098\u20131104.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0735-7044.111.5.1098"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirby ED, Muroy SE, Sun WG, Covarrubias D, Leong MJ, Barchas LA, et al. Acute stress enhances adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of newborn neurons via secreted astrocytic FGF2. Elife. 2013; 2: e00362.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00362"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafari M, Seese RR, Babayan AH, Gall CM, Lauterborn JC. Glucocorticoid receptors are localized to dendritic spines and influence local actin signaling. Molecular Neurobiology. 2012; 46: 304\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8288-3"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeanneteau F, Garabedian MJ, Chao MV. Activation of Trk neurotrophin receptors by glucocorticoids provides a neuroprotective effect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008; 105: 4862\u20134867.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709102105"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Sa C, Duman RS. Antidepressants and neuroplasticity. Bipolar Disorders. 2002; 4: 183\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01203.x"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Numakawa T, Adachi N, Richards M, Chiba S, Kunugi H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoids: reciprocal influence on the central nervous system. Neuroscience. 2013; 239: 157\u2013172.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.073"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klempin F, Babu H, De Pietri Tonelli D, Alarcon E, Fabel K, Kempermann G. Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2010; 3: 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2010.00014"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang JW, David DJ, Monckton JE, Battaglia F, Hen R. Chronic fluoxetine stimulates maturation and synaptic plasticity of adult-born hippocampal granule cells. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2008; 28: 1374\u20131384.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3632-07.2008"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginsberg AB, Campeau S, Day HE, Spencer RL. Acute glucocorticoid pretreatment suppresses stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone secretion and expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone hnRNA but does not affect c-fos mRNA or fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 2003; 15: 1075\u20131083.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.01100.x"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watt MJ, Burke AR, Renner KJ, Forster GL. Adolescent male rats exposed to social defeat exhibit altered anxiety behavior and limbic monoamines as adults. Behavioral Neuroscience. 2009; 123: 564\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015752"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill AS, Sahay A, Hen R. Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to reduce anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015; 40: 2368\u20132378.","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.85"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiget F, van Dijk RM, Louet ER, Slomianka L, Amrein I. Effects of strain and species on the septo-temporal distribution of adult neurogenesis in rodents. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2017; 11: 719.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00719"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kloet ER, Karst H, Jo\u00ebls M. Corticosteroid hormones in the central stress response: quick-and-slow. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 2008; 29: 268\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2007.10.002"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy BH, Tasker JG. Synaptic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its modulation by glucocorticoids and stress. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2012; 6: 24.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2012.00024"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Stress and hippocampal plasticity. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 1999; 22: 105\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.105"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, Blazer DG, Nelson CB. Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1993; 29: 85\u201396.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90026-G"}],"container-title":["Journal of Integrative Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/22\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2202043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T16:03:54Z","timestamp":1732723434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/JIN\/22\/2\/10.31083\/j.jin2202043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S0219-6352(22)00494-6"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jin2202043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-6352","1757-448X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-6352","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-448X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"article-number":"43"}}