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Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dual task assessments, which simultaneously challenge and assess cognitive and motor performance, have been used to improve the assessment of athletes with sports-related concussions (SRC). Our lab created a Dual Task Screen (DTS) to evaluate athletes with SRCs, and we have established that it is a valid behavioral measure, as it consistently elicits poorer behavioral performance under dual, compared to single, task conditions. Here, we used a Neuroimaging-Compatible (NC) version of the DTS, named the NC-DTS, which uses portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess behavioral performance and neural recruitment during single and dual tasks. Our study objective was to evaluate healthy athletes and establish whether the NC-DTS is a valid dual task neurological assessment that can elicit different patterns of neural recruitment during dual versus single task conditions. Methods: Twenty-five healthy collegiate athletes completed the NC-DTS in a single laboratory visit. The NC-DTS includes a lower and upper extremity subtask; both include single motor, single cognitive, and dual task conditions. The NC-DTS was administered in a block design, where conditions (i.e., single motor, single cognitive, and dual task) were repeated five times to generate average behavioral performance and task-dependent neural recruitment in superficial cortical regions including: prefrontal cortex, bilateral primary motor and sensory cortices, and posterior parietal cortex. Neural recruitment was measured with fNIRS and quantified using oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) metrics. A single-tailed, within subject t-test was used to compare average dual task behavioral performance to average single task behavioral performance. Pairwise comparisons, that were family-wise-error (FWE) corrected, were used to compare localized neural recruitment during dual versus single task conditions. Results: As observed in previous studies, the NC-DTS elicited significantly poorer behavioral performance under dual, compared to single, task conditions. Additionally, dual task conditions of the NC-DTS elicited significantly greater neural recruitment in regions of the brain associated with attention allocation and task-specific demands in three of four comparisons. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that the NC-DTS is a valid dual task neurological assessment which warrants future work using the NC-DTS to evaluate athletes with SRCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2205133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T06:18:32Z","timestamp":1695190712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluating Dual Task Neurological Costs with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Report in Healthy Athletes"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jaclyn A","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA"},{"name":"Molecular Cellular Integrative Neuroscience, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Mingils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering \u2018Guglielmo Marconi\u2019, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lust CAC, Mountjoy M, Robinson LE, Oliver JM, Ma DWL. 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