{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:57:27Z","timestamp":1782435447948,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional Fund Projects","award":["IFPDP-80-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPDP-80-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including hallucinations. The use of antipsychotic medications is a common strategy to manage hallucinations associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease psychosis (PDP). However, careful consideration is necessary when selecting the most appropriate drug due to the potential risks associated with the available treatment options. Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), such as Pimavanserin and Clozapine, have effectively controlled PDP symptoms. On the contrary, the support for utilizing quetiapine is not as substantial as other antipsychotics because research studies specifically investigating its application are still emerging and relatively recent. The broad mechanisms of action of AAPs, involving dopamine and serotonin receptors, provide improved outcomes and fewer side effects than typical antipsychotics. Conversely, other antipsychotics, including risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, and lurasidone, have been found to worsen motor symptoms and are generally not recommended for PDP. While AAPs offer favorable benefits, they are associated with specific adverse effects. Extrapyramidal symptoms, somnolence, hypotension, constipation, and cognitive impairment are commonly observed with AAP use. Clozapine, in particular, carries a risk of agranulocytosis, necessitating close monitoring of blood counts. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin inverse agonist, avoids receptor-related side effects but has been linked to corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, while quetiapine has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of mortality. This review aims to analyze the benefits, risks, and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic medications to assist clinicians in making informed decisions and enhance patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2304080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T10:19:50Z","timestamp":1713003590000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clearing the Fog: A Review of Antipsychotics for Parkinson's-Related Hallucinations: A Focus on Pimavanserin, Quetiapine and Clozapine"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Toufik","family":"Abdul-Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranferi Eduardo","family":"Herrera-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Health Sciences (CICSA), Faculty of Medicine, Anahuac University North Campus, 52786 Huixquilucan, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-7389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Aderinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 210101 Ogbomoso, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinmoy","family":"Kundu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, 751003 Bhubaneswar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Awuah","family":"Wireko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5362-3920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Favour Tope","family":"Adebusoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olabode","family":"Ekerin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, 500004 Port Harcourt, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukman","family":"Lawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 240003 Ilorin, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikitina Iryna","family":"Mykolaivna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-7236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia"},{"name":"Research & Development Department, AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed N","family":"Almashjary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Perveen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, 247121 Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-2078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ghulam Md","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poewe W, Seppi K, Tanner CM, Halliday GM, Brundin P, Volkmann J, et al. 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