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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: In this study, we explored the effects of chiropractic spinal adjustments on resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Methods: In this randomized cross-over study, 14 adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (average age 67 \u00b1 6 years, 2 females:12 males) and 14 adults with Parkinson\u2019s disease (average age 62 \u00b1 11 years, 1 female:13 males) participated. The participants underwent chiropractic spinal adjustments and a control (sham) intervention in a randomized order, with a minimum of one week between each intervention. EEG was recorded before and after each intervention, both during rest and stimulation of the right median nerve. The power-spectra was calculated for resting-state EEG, and the amplitude of the N30 peak was assessed for the SEPs. The source localization was performed on the power-spectra of resting-state EEG and the N30 SEP peak. Results: Chiropractic spinal adjustment significantly reduced the N30 peak in individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s by 15% (p = 0.027). While other outcomes did not reach significance, resting-state EEG showed an increase in absolute power in all frequency bands after chiropractic spinal adjustments in individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. The findings revealed a notable enhancement in connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN) at the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands among individuals undergoing chiropractic adjustments. Conclusions: We found that it is feasible to record EEG\/SEP in individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Additionally, a single session of chiropractic spinal adjustment reduced the somatosensory evoked N30 potential and enhancement in connectivity within the DMN at the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands in individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Future studies may require a larger sample size to estimate the effects of chiropractic spinal adjustment on brain activity. Given the preliminary nature of our findings, caution is warranted when considering the clinical implications. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered by the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration number ACTRN12618001217291 and 12618001218280).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2305098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T05:23:54Z","timestamp":1715923434000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effects of Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment on EEG in Adults with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomised Cross-over Trial"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Samran","family":"Navid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran Khan","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Holt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus Bach","family":"Nedergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Amjad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, 46000 Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Ghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitika","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shafique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, 46000 Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Duehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Trager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Connor Whole Health, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Haavik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, 1060 Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan SH, Karri V, Tay NWR, Chang KH, Ah HY, Ng PQ, et al. 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