{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:59:18Z","timestamp":1787025558057,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Patients with CKD carry a high burden of cardiovascular disease and may be excluded from clinical trials on the basis of safety. There are an increasing number of clinical trials which predefine sub-group analysis for CKD. This systematic review with fixed-effect meta-analysis investigates glucose lowering therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in relation to CKD. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) of glucose lowering treatments performed in adults (aged \u226518 years), humans, with no restriction on date, and English-language restriction in patients with pre-existing CKD regardless of diabetes status. Embase &amp; Ovid Medline databases were searched up to April 2021. Risk of bias was assessed according to Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We included 7 trials involving a total of 48,801 participants. There were 4 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and 1 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor identified. SGLT2i (relative risk (RR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.79\u20131.02]) and GLP-1R agonists (RR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.72\u20130.96]) were associated with a reduction in cardiovascular death. SGLT2i (RR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.63\u20130.75]) are also associated with a reduction in hospitalization for heart failure. In summary, this meta-analysis of large, RCTs of glucose lowering therapies has demonstrated that treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1R agonists may improve 3 point-MACE and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic renal failure compared with placebo. This systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO network (registration number: CRD42021268563) and follows the PRISMA guidelines on systematic reviews and metanalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2204152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T21:04:36Z","timestamp":1640207076000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiovascular outcomes of glucose lowering therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sykes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Morrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mangion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, G51 4TF Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, G51 4TF Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreiber BD. 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