{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1753890179562,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) has been related to left ventricular (LV) remodeling and geometric deformation of the mitral apparatus after myocardial infarction (MI), and proved to be associated with adverse cardiac events. We assessed the proportion of mild SMR before and after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, and further study to evaluate dynamic changes of MR and the determinants of such process on 1 year follow-up. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, cohort study of 171 consecutive hospitalized patients who underwent selective isolated CABG surgery were included and divided into the control group and mild MR group according to whether mild MR occurred at baseline. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test the associations of changes in MR after CABG, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 61.31 \u00b1 8.71 years and 78.95% were male at baseline, divided into the control group (74.85%) and mild MR group (25.15%), respectively. The LV volumetric and size parameters were higher in the mild MR group, with decline in LV and left atrial (LA) strain measurements. About half participants with mild MR at baseline persisted in that category and the rest reverted to none MR on follow-up, while preoperative left main coronary artery occlusion may impede the improvement (p &lt; 0.05). The control group at baseline tended to maintain none MR and one-eighth progressed to mild MR on follow-up, moreover older age and lower LVEF emerged as key correlation of this development. LA volume index (LAVi) was associated with an increased risk of developing mild MR (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with secondary mild MR had LA dysfunction and CABG surgery promoted regression of MR. LAV has an incremental role for early detection of change in MR over time after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2302078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T01:40:01Z","timestamp":1645753201000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes and predictors of secondary mild mitral regurgitation after coronary artery bypass grafting"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehmann KG. Mitral Regurgitation in Early Myocardial Infarction. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1992; 117: 10.","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-1-10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam M, Thorstrand C, Rosenhamer G. Mitral regurgitation following first-time acute myocardial infarction\u2013early and late findings by Doppler echocardiography. Clinical Cardiology. 1993; 16: 30\u201334.","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960160107"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamas GA, Mitchell GF, Flaker GC, Smith SC, Gersh BJ, Basta L, et al. Clinical significance of mitral regurgitation after acute myocardial infarction. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Investigators. Circulation. 1997; 96: 827\u2013833.","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.827"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation. 2001; 103: 1759\u20131764.","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.13.1759"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bursi F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Nkomo VT, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, Meverden RA, et al. Heart failure and death after myocardial infarction in the community: the emerging role of mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2005; 111: 295\u2013301.","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151097.30779.04"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grigioni F, Detaint D, Avierinos J, Scott C, Tajik J, Enriquez-Sarano M. Contribution of ischemic mitral regurgitation to congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2005; 45: 260\u2013267.","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.10.030"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amigoni M, Meris A, Thune JJ, Mangalat D, Skali H, Bourgoun M, et al. Mitral regurgitation in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: prognostic significance and relation to ventricular size and function. European Heart Journal. 2007; 28: 326\u2013333.","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl464"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: an Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2016; 29: 277\u2013314.","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enriquez-Sarano M, Akins CW, Vahanian A. Mitral regurgitation. The Lancet. 2009; 373: 1382\u20131394.","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60692-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Tourneau T, Richardson M, Juthier F, Modine T, Fayad G, Polge A, et al. Echocardiography predictors and prognostic value of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in chronic organic mitral regurgitation. Heart. 2010; 96: 1311\u20131317.","key":"ref10","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.186486"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi A, Dini FL, Agricola E, Faggiano P, Benfari G, Temporelli PL, et al. Left atrial dilatation in systolic heart failure: a marker of poor prognosis, not just a buffer between the left ventricle and pulmonary circulation. Journal of Echocardiography. 2018; 16: 155\u2013161.","key":"ref11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-018-0373-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spadaccio C, Benedetto U. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of multivessel coronary disease: quo vadis? -a review of the evidences on coronary artery disease. Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2018; 7: 506\u2013515.","key":"ref12","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2018.05.17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen J, Xia L, Song K, Wang Y, Yang Y, Ding W, et al. Moderate Chronic Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. International Heart Journal. 2019; 60: 796\u2013804.","key":"ref13","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-613"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michler RE, Smith PK, Parides MK, Ailawadi G, Thourani V, Moskowitz AJ, et al. Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374: 1932\u20131941.","key":"ref14","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi A, Zoppini G, Benfari G, Geremia G, Bonapace S, Bonora E, et al. Mitral Regurgitation and Increased Risk of all-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The American Journal of Medicine. 2017; 130: 70\u201376.e1.","key":"ref15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.07.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. 2015; 16: 233\u2013270.","key":"ref16","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kostuk WJ, Kazamias TM, Gander MP, Simon AL, Ross J. Left ventricular size after acute myocardial infarction. Serial changes and their prognostic significance. Circulation. 1973; 47: 1174\u20131179.","key":"ref17","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.47.6.1174"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jneid H, Addison D, Bhatt DL, Fonarow GC, Gokak S, Grady KL, et al. 2017 AHA\/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2017; 10: e000032.","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1161\/HCQ.0000000000000032"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erlebacher JA, Weiss JL, Weisfeldt ML, Bulkley BH. Early dilation of the infarcted segment in acute transmural myocardial infarction: role of infarct expansion in acute left ventricular enlargement. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1984; 4: 201\u2013208.","key":"ref19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80203-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronson D, Goldsher N, Zukermann R, Kapeliovich M, Lessick J, Mutlak D, et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation and risk of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006; 166: 2362\u20132368.","key":"ref20","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2362"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meris A, Amigoni M, Verma A, Thune JJ, K\u00f8ber L, Velazquez E, et al. Mechanisms and predictors of mitral regurgitation after high-risk myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2012; 25: 535\u2013542.","key":"ref21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.01.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otsuji Y, Handschumacher MD, Schwammenthal E, Jiang L, Song J, Guerrero JL, et al. Insights from Three-Dimensional Echocardiography into the Mechanism of Functional Mitral Regurgitation. Circulation. 1997; 96: 1999\u20132008.","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.6.1999"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim K, Kaji S, An Y, Nishino T, Tani T, Kitai T, et al. Interpapillary muscle distance independently affects severity of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2014; 148: 434\u201340.e1.","key":"ref23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.09.029"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas L, Marwick TH, Popescu BA, Donal E, Badano LP. Left Atrial Structure and Function, and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019; 73: 1961\u20131977.","key":"ref24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.059"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deferm S, Martens P, Verbrugge FH, Bertrand PB, Dauw J, Verhaert D, et al. LA Mechanics in Decompensated Heart Failure: Insights From Strain Echocardiography With Invasive Hemodynamics. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2020; 13: 1107\u20131115.","key":"ref25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.12.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melenovsky V, Hwang S, Redfield MM, Zakeri R, Lin G, Borlaug BA. Left atrial remodeling and function in advanced heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction. Circulation. Heart Failure. 2015; 8: 295\u2013303.","key":"ref26","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001667"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dziadzko V, Dziadzko M, Medina-Inojosa JR, Benfari G, Michelena HI, Crestanello JA, et al. Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community: clinical context and outcome. European Heart Journal. 2019; 40: 2194\u20132202.","key":"ref27","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz314"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameli M, Lisi M, Giacomin E, Caputo M, Navarri R, Malandrino A, et al. Chronic mitral regurgitation: left atrial deformation analysis by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2011; 28: 327\u2013334.","key":"ref28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2010.01329.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaput M, Handschumacher MD, Tournoux F, Hua L, Guerrero JL, Vlahakes GJ, et al. Mitral leaflet adaptation to ventricular remodeling: occurrence and adequacy in patients with functional mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2008; 118: 845\u2013852.","key":"ref29","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.749440"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamargo M, Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Pislaru SV, Lin G, Egbe AC, et al. Functional mitral regurgitation and left atrial myopathy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020; 22: 489\u2013498.","key":"ref30","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1699"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/23\/2\/10.31083\/j.rcm2302078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T17:43:50Z","timestamp":1732729430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/23\/2\/10.31083\/j.rcm2302078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530-6550(22)00368-4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.rcm2302078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-6550"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2153-8174"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"article-number":"78"}}