{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:56:34Z","timestamp":1784238994920,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004700","name":"Taipei Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TMU111-AE1-B23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMU111-AE1-B23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following targeted temperature management (TTM) administered after cardiac arrest may affect healthcare plans and expenditures. This study identified risk factors for prolonged LOS in patients with cardiac arrest receiving TTM and explored the association between LOS and neurological outcomes after TTM. Methods: The retrospective cohort consisted of 571 non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients aged 18 years or older, treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), had a Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;8, or were unable to comply with commands after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and received TTM less than 12 hours after ROSC. Prolonged LOS was defined as LOS beyond the 75th quartile of the entire cohort. We analyzed and compared relevant variables and neurological outcomes between the patients with and without prolonged LOS and established prediction models for estimating the risk of prolonged LOS. Results: The patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest had a longer LOS than those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (p = 0.0001). Duration of CPR (p = 0.02), underlying heart failure (p = 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.008), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.026), and post-TTM seizures (p = 0.003) were risk factors for prolonged LOS. LOS was associated with survival to hospital discharge, and patients with the lowest and highest Cerebral Performance Category scores at discharge had a shorter LOS. A logistic regression model based on parameters at discharge achieved an area under the curve of 0.840 to 0.896 for prolonged LOS prediction, indicating the favorable performance of this model in predicting LOS in patients receiving TTM. Conclusions: Our study identified clinically relevant risk factors for prolonged LOS following TTM and developed a prediction model that exhibited adequate predictive performance. The findings of this study broaden our understanding regarding factors associated with hospital stay and can be beneficial while making clinical decisions for patients with cardiac arrest who receive TTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2402055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T07:59:39Z","timestamp":1676015979000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Identifying Risk Factors for Prolonged Length of Stay in Hospital and Developing Prediction Models for Patients with Cardiac Arrest Receiving Targeted Temperature Management"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan","family":"Masud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Department, Public Health Informatics Foundation, 1216 Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Tai","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-San","family":"Chien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 104 Taipei Branch, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsueh","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hsu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, 106 Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shennie","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Chih","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019; 139: e56\u2013e528."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coute RA, Nathanson BH, Kurz MC, DeMasi S, McNally B, Mader TJ. Annual and lifetime economic productivity loss due to adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States: A study for the CARES Surveillance Group. Resuscitation. 2021; 167: 111\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.07.034"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paratz ED, Smith K, Ball J, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Parsons S, et al. The economic impact of sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021; 163: 49\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.04.001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merchant RM, Becker LB, Abella BS, Asch DA, Groeneveld PW. Cost-effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2009; 2: 421\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.839605"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damluji AA, Al-Damluji MS, Pomenti S, Zhang TJ, Cohen MG, Mitrani RD, et al. Health Care Costs After Cardiac Arrest in the United States. Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2018; 11: e005689.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005689"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girotra S, Chan PS, Bradley SM. Post-resuscitation care following out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 2015; 101: 1943\u20131949.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307450"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung C, Chiu W, Huang Y, Chan L, Hong C, Chiu H. Identifying prognostic factors and developing accurate outcome predictions for in-hospital cardiac arrest by using artificial neural networks. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2021; 425: 117445.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117445"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002; 346: 549\u2013556.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012689"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, Jones BM, Silvester W, Gutteridge G, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002; 346: 557\u2013563.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003289"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granfeldt A, Holmberg MJ, Nolan JP, Soar J, Andersen LW. Targeted temperature management in adult cardiac arrest: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2021; 167: 160\u2013172.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.08.040"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yip Y, Cheung JC. \u201cCold War\u201d: Why does the debate continue? Resuscitation. 2021; 169: 43\u201344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.09.038"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baek H, Cho M, Kim S, Hwang H, Song M, Yoo S. Analysis of length of hospital stay using electronic health records: A statistical and data mining approach. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13: e0195901.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195901"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Thomas JW, Guire KE, Horvat GG. Is patient length of stay related to quality of care? Hospital and Health Services Administration. 1997; 42: 489\u2013507."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song J, Chen C, Zhao S, Zhou L, Chen H. Trading quality for quantity? Evidence from patient level data in China. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16: e0257127.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257127"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasslacher J, Steinkohl F, Ulmer H, Lehner G, Klein S, Mayerhoefer T, et al. Increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients after cardiac arrest treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2022; 66: 704\u2013712.","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14063"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taccone FS, Picetti E, Vincent J. High Quality Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) After Cardiac Arrest. Critical Care. 2020; 24: 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2721-1"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalra R, Arora G, Patel N, Doshi R, Berra L, Arora P, et al. Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2018; 126: 867\u2013875.","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002646"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholte NTB, van Wees C, Rietdijk WJR, van der Graaf M, Jewbali LSD, van der Jagt M, et al. Clinical Outcomes with Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) in Comatose Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients-A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11: 1786.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071786"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulder M, Gibbs HG, Smith SW, Dhaliwal R, Scott NL, Sprenkle MD, et al. Awakening and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia*. Critical Care Medicine. 2014; 42: 2493\u20132499.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000540"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang HC, Tsai M, Kuo L, Hsu H, Huang W, Lai C, et al. Factors affecting outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest who receive target temperature management: The multi-center TIMECARD registry. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2022; 121: 294\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.04.006"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golan E, Barrett K, Alali AS, Duggal A, Jichici D, Pinto R, et al. Predicting neurologic outcome after targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine. 2014; 42: 1919\u20131930.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000335"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu W, Chung C, Huang C, Chien Y, Hsu C, Wu C, et al. Predicting the survivals and favorable neurologic outcomes after targeted temperature management by artificial neural networks. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2022; 121: 490\u2013499.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.07.004"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou S, Bamodu OA, Chiu W, Hong C, Chan L, Chung C. Artificial neural network-boosted Cardiac Arrest Survival Post-Resuscitation In-hospital (CASPRI) score accurately predicts outcome in cardiac arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12: 7254.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11201-z"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin J, Huang C, Chien Y, Hsu C, Chiu W, Wu C, et al. TIMECARD score: An easily operated prediction model of unfavorable neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with targeted temperaturemanagement. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2022. (online ahead of print)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.11.012"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko\u0142towski \u0141, \u015aredniawa B, Tyci\u0144ska A, Czajkowska M, Niedziela M, Puchalski W, et al. Predicting survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients undergoing targeted temperature management: The Polish Hypothermia Registry Risk Score. Cardiology Journal. 2021; 28: 95\u2013100.","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2019.0035"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu W, Lin K, Tsai M, Hsu C, Wang C, Kuo L, et al. Post-cardiac arrest care and targeted temperature management: A consensus of scientific statement from the Taiwan Society of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Taiwan Society of Critical Care Medicine and Taiwan Society of Emergency Medicine. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2021; 120: 569\u2013587.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.07.036"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perkins GD, Jacobs IG, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Bhanji F, Biarent D, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update of the Utstein Resuscitation Registry Templates for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: a statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa, Resuscitation Council of Asia); and the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation. Circulation. 2015; 132: 1286\u20131300.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000144"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Scholten A, Chomsky-Higgins K, Nwaogu I, Gosnell JE, Seib C, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Perioperative Complications and Prolonged Length of Stay After Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy. JAMA Surgery. 2018; 153: 1036\u20131041.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.2648"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang X, Qiu H, Liu S, Li J, Zhou M. Prediction of Prolonged Length of Stay for Stroke Patients on Admission for Inpatient Rehabilitation Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Generic Set: A Study from 50 Centers in China. Medical Science Monitor. 2020; 26: e918811.","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.918811"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coimbra C, Wieloch T. Moderate hypothermia mitigates neuronal damage in the rat brain when initiated several hours following transient cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathologica. 1994; 87: 325\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050093"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colbourne F, Sutherland G, Corbett D. Postischemic hypothermia. A critical appraisal with implications for clinical treatment. Molecular Neurobiology. 1997; 14: 171\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740655"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Ginsberg MD, Sternau LL, Globus MY, Dietrich WD, Busto R. Therapeutic modulation of brain temperature: relevance to ischemic brain injury. Cerebrovascular and Brain Metabolism Reviews. 1992; 4: 189\u2013225."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hicks SD, DeFranco DB, Callaway CW. Hypothermia during reperfusion after asphyxial cardiac arrest improves functional recovery and selectively alters stress-induced protein expression. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2000; 20: 520\u2013530.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200003000-00011"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dankiewicz J, Cronberg T, Lilja G, Jakobsen JC, Levin H, Ull\u00e9n S, et al. Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2021; 384: 2283\u20132294.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100591"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lascarrou J, Merdji H, Le Gouge A, Colin G, Grillet G, Girardie P, et al. Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest with Nonshockable Rhythm. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2019; 381: 2327\u20132337.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1906661"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen N, Wetterslev J, Friberg H. Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014; 370: 1360.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1401250"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan PS, Berg RA, Tang Y, Curtis LH, Spertus JA. Association Between Therapeutic Hypothermia and Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2016; 316: 1375\u20131382.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.14380"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone K, Zwiggelaar R, Jones P, Mac Parthal\u00e1in N. A systematic review of the prediction of hospital length of stay: Towards a unified framework. PLoS Digital Health. 2022; 1: e0000017.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000017"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrie J, Easton S, Naik V, Lockie C, Brett SJ, St\u00fcmpfle R. Hospital costs of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated in intensive care; a single centre evaluation using the national tariff-based system. BMJ Open. 2015; 5: e005797.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005797"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storm C, Steffen I, Schefold JC, Krueger A, Oppert M, J\u00f6rres A, et al. Mild therapeutic hypothermia shortens intensive care unit stay of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared to historical controls. Critical Care. 2008; 12: R78.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6925"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Caba\u00f1as JG, Donnino MW, Drennan IR, Hirsch KG, et al. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2020; 142: S366\u2013S468.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000918"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandroni C, Nolan JP, Andersen LW, B\u00f6ttiger BW, Cariou A, Cronberg T, et al. ERC-ESICM guidelines on temperature control after cardiac arrest in adults. Intensive Care Medicine. 2022; 48: 261\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06620-5"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Chen C, Chen T, Yen DH, How C, Hou PC. Comparison of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving targeted temperature management: A matched case-control study. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2020; 83: 858\u2013864.","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000343"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin L, Xie D, He D, Chen Z, Guan Y, Wang J, et al. Survival to hospital discharge and neurological outcomes with targeted temperature management after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Palliative Medicine. 2022; 11: 68\u201376.","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-3403"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buanes EA, Heltne JK. Comparison of in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in a Scandinavian community. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2014; 58: 316\u2013322.","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12258"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller SG, Rajan S, Folke F, Hansen CM, Hansen SM, Kragholm K, et al. Temporal trends in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with and without underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Resuscitation. 2016; 104: 76\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.04.017"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qadeer A, Parikh PB, Ramkishun CA, Tai J, Patel JK. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on survival and neurologic outcomes in adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16: e0259698.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259698"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirlekar G, Jonsson M, Karlsson T, Hollenberg J, Albertsson P, Herlitz J. Comorbidity and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2018; 133: 118\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.10.006"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright SP, Verouhis D, Gamble G, Swedberg K, Sharpe N, Doughty RN. Factors influencing the length of hospital stay of patients with heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2003; 5: 201\u2013209.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00201-5"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark KAA, Reinhardt SW, Chouairi F, Miller PE, Kay B, Fuery M, et al. Trends in Heart Failure Hospitalizations in the US from 2008 to 2018. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2022; 28: 171\u2013180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.08.020"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mani R, Schmitt SE, Mazer M, Putt ME, Gaieski DF. The frequency and timing of epileptiform activity on continuous electroencephalogram in comatose post-cardiac arrest syndrome patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation. 2012; 83: 840\u2013847.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.02.015"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight WA, Hart KW, Adeoye OM, Bonomo JB, Keegan SP, Ficker DM, et al. The incidence of seizures in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Epilepsy Research. 2013; 106: 396\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.018"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levito MN, McGinnis CB, Groetzinger LM, Durkin JB, Elmer J. Impact of benzodiazepines on time to awakening in post cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation. 2021; 165: 45\u201349.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.05.026"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceric A, May TL, Lybeck A, Cronberg T, Seder DB, Riker RR, et al. Cardiac Arrest Treatment Center Differences in Sedation and Analgesia Dosing During Targeted Temperature Management. Neurocritical Care. 2022. (online ahead of print)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01564-6"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu M, Sajobi T, Lucyk K, Lorenzetti D, Quan H. Systematic review of risk adjustment models of hospital length of stay (LOS). Medical Care. 2015; 53: 355\u2013365.","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000317"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-Elrazek MA, Eltahawi AA, Abd Elaziz MH, Abd-Elwhab MN. Predicting length of stay in hospitals intensive care unit using general admission features. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2021; 12: 3691\u20133702.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2021.02.018"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuda T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Ohe K, Fushimi K, Matsubara T, et al. Health care costs related to out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in Japan. Resuscitation. 2013; 84: 964\u2013969.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.02.019"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graf J, M\u00fchlhoff C, Doig GS, Reinartz S, Bode K, Dujardin R, et al. Health care costs, long-term survival, and quality of life following intensive care unit admission after cardiac arrest. Critical Care. 2008; 12: R92.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6963"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawyer KN, Camp-Rogers TR, Kotini-Shah P, Del Rios M, Gossip MR, Moitra VK, et al. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survivorship: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 141: e654\u2013e685.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000747"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/24\/2\/10.31083\/j.rcm2402055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T18:39:26Z","timestamp":1732732766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/24\/2\/10.31083\/j.rcm2402055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530-6550(23)00853-0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.rcm2402055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-6550","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-8174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"article-number":"55"}}