{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:43:02Z","timestamp":1788385382278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) is associated with dysregulated\/chronic inflammation. The immune system has multiple roles including beneficial effects such as clearing alpha synuclein aggregates. However, peripheral immune cells entering the brain may also contribute to inflammation and neurodegeneration. To identify which cells might have a negative impact and could be potential therapeutic targets, we compared immune signatures of patients and healthy controls. Methods: Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of major immune cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PD patients and controls. Because of the major impact of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the distribution of immune cell subsets, particularly cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T-cells, all participants were tested for CMV seropositivity. Results: Although the cohort of 35 PD patients exhibited the well-established T-cell differentiation signature driven by CMV infection, there were no differences in the frequencies of differentiated or pro-inflammatory T-cells, B-cells or natural killer cells (NK-cells) attributable to the disease. However, percentages of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were higher in PD patients than controls. Moreover, percentages of CD14+CD16+ (intermediate) monocytes expressing the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) correlated with disease severity assessed by the Movement Disorder Society\u2019s revised version of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) score and disease duration. Conclusions: A comprehensive evaluation of the major subsets of circulating immune cells in PD patients revealed differences in myeloid cells between PD and healthy controls and some correlation of monocyte abundance with disease severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/jin26393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T09:52:29Z","timestamp":1740736349000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Frequencies of Circulating Immune Cells in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Correlation with MDS-UPDRS Scores"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-1527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Goldeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fairfax Centre, OX5 2PB Gosford and Water Eaton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly","family":"Oettinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Dementia Research, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"F\u00fcl\u00f6p","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC H3A 0B8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hamprecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Maetzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Pawelec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Solutions Program, Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 3B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin L, Liu Y, Hong JS, Crews FT. 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