{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:31:52Z","timestamp":1788481912685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Integr. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Depression affects 28.4% of middle-aged and older adults globally, exacerbating functional decline, mortality, and healthcare burdens. Physical activity mitigates depression through neurobiological and psychosocial pathways, although efficacy varies significantly by gender. Current evidence lacks clarity regarding optimal physical activity intensity and interventions. This study aimed to identify the physical activity patterns most strongly associated with depression and to derive potential intervention targets for middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods: The data from 3739 participants in the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. Gaussian graphical models were adopted to recognize core and bridge symptoms within physical activity-depression networks across genders. Subsequently, computer-simulated interventions were conducted to determine the optimal targets for reducing depressive symptoms by gender. Results: Both male and female networks identified \u201cdepressed\u201d as the central symptom. However, the bridge symptoms differed: males exhibited a bridge role for \u201cdays with moderate physical activity per week\u201d, whereas females showed this for \u201cduration of moderate physical activity per day\u201d. Network comparison test revealed significant gender differences in edge weights (p = 0.007), with 14 edges being statistically significant. Simulation interventions consistently pinpointed \u201cdepressed\u201d and \u201cstuck\u201d as effective targets for intervention across genders. Conclusions: Moderate physical activity most strongly correlated with depression. For men, interventions might prioritize increasing the regularity per week with moderate physical activity to prevent depression, whereas for women, focusing on the duration per day of such activity could be a promising target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/jin47468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:26:43Z","timestamp":1777451203000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating Gender Differences in the Link Between Physical Activity and Depression in Middle-aged and Older Chinese Adults via Network Analysis and Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1747-2416","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2759-1787","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiguo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1419-0818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3740-3881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4387-3760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5473-4320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4437-3947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zengjie","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. 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