{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:12:59Z","timestamp":1788441179184,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["2025GXNSFAA069056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although left atrial (LA) function is of major clinical importance in cardiovascular diseases, traditional indicators such as LA volume struggle to promptly reflect functional changes. In recent years, the emerging technique of left atrial strain (LAS) has garnered widespread attention. As a quantitative metric based on speckle tracking echocardiography, LAS can detect subtle functional abnormalities in the LA myocardium at an early stage and independently assess atrial reservoir, conduit, and contraction functions beyond volume changes. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the significant clinical utility of LAS across multiple cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and coronary artery disease. Furthermore, LAS exhibits prognostic value in cardiomyopathies and cancer therapy\u2013related cardiotoxicity. This review summarizes recent advances in LAS across various cardiovascular diseases, objectively evaluates its clinical application prospects and limitations, and outlines future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/rcm48668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:17:46Z","timestamp":1788437866000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applications of Left Atrial Strain in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Evidence"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5432-0349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxing","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0756-5431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3058-1718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zuyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7020-7600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4904-9469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baoshi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Khan SU. Left Atrial Strain for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Focus on Populations With Normal LVEF. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023; 16: 691\u2013707.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.10.011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sato K, Grant ADM, Negishi K, Cremer PC, Negishi T, Kumar A, et al. Reliability of updated left ventricular diastolic function recommendations in predicting elevated left ventricular filling pressure and prognosis. American Heart Journal. 2017; 189: 28\u201339.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.03.022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weerts J, \u021aica O, Aranyo J, Basile C, Borizanova-Petkova A, Borovac JA, et al. Atrial cardiomyopathy: From healthy atria to atrial failure. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2025; 27: 2173\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3782"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guan Z, Zhang D, Huang R, Zhang F, Wang Q, Guo S. Association of left atrial myocardial function with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subjects with preserved systolic function: a strain rate imaging study. Clinical Cardiology. 2010; 33: 643\u2013649.","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20784"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferkh A, Clark A, Thomas L. Left atrial phasic function: physiology, clinical assessment and prognostic value. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2023; 109: 1661\u20131669.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321609"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kebed KY, Addetia K, Lang RM. Importance of the Left Atrium: More Than a Bystander? Heart Failure Clinics. 2019; 15: 191\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2018.12.001"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buggey J, Hoit BD. Left atrial strain: measurement and clinical application. Current Opinion in Cardiology. 2018; 33: 479\u2013485.","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000537"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Figueiredo FDA, Costa ALD, Figueiredo FdA, Chavez LMT, Teixeira MFA, Barbosa WS, et al. Left Atrial Strain: Clinical Applications and Prognostic Implications. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2024; 37.","DOI":"10.36660\/abcimg.20240003i"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yafasov M, Olsen FJ, Skaarup KG, Lassen MCH, Johansen ND, Lindgren FL, et al. Normal values for left atrial strain, volume, and function derived from 3D echocardiography: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 25: 602\u2013612.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae018"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sugimoto T, Robinet S, Dulgheru R, Bernard A, Ilardi F, Contu L, et al. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left atrial function parameters: results from the EACVI NORRE study. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2018; 19: 630\u2013638.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey018"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szilveszter B, Nagy AI, Vattay B, Apor A, Kolossv\u00e1ry M, Bartykowszki A, et al. Left ventricular and atrial strain imaging with cardiac computed tomography: Validation against echocardiography. Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. 2020; 14: 363\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2019.12.004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameli M, Ciccone MM, Maiello M, Modesti PA, Muiesan ML, Scicchitano P, et al. Speckle tracking analysis: a new tool for left atrial function analysis in systemic hypertension: an overview. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 2016; 17: 339\u2013343.","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000073"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marincheva G, Iakobishvili Z, Valdman A, Laish-Farkash A. Left Atrial Strain: Clinical Use and Future Applications-A Focused Review Article. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022; 23: 154.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2305154"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Badano LP, Kolias TJ, Muraru D, Abraham TP, Aurigemma G, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI\/ASE\/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2018; 19: 591\u2013600.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey042"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sonaglioni A, Lombardo M, Nicolosi GL, Rigamonti E, Anz\u00e0 C. Incremental diagnostic role of left atrial strain analysis in thrombotic risk assessment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients planned for electrical cardioversion. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2021; 37: 1539\u20131550.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-02127-6"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rimba\u015f RC, Mih\u0103il\u0103 S, Vinereanu D. Sources of variation in assessing left atrial functions by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Heart and Vessels. 2016; 31: 370\u2013381.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-014-0602-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borlaug BA. Evaluation and management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nature Reviews. Cardiology. 2020; 17: 559\u2013573.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0363-2"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Javadi N, Bismee NN, Abbas MT, Scalia IG, Pereyra M, Baba Ali N, et al. Left Atrial Strain: State of the Art and Clinical Implications. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14: 1093.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14111093"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ye Z, Miranda WR, Yeung DF, Kane GC, Oh JK. Left Atrial Strain in Evaluation of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2020; 33: 1490\u20131499.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.07.020"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carluccio E, Cameli M, Rossi A, Dini FL, Biagioli P, Mengoni A, et al. Left Atrial Strain in the Assessment of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure: A Machine Learning Approach. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023; 16: e014605.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.014605"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simonsen J\u00d8, Modin D, Skaarup K, Djern\u00e6s K, Lassen MCH, Johansen ND, et al. Utilizing echocardiography and unsupervised machine learning for heart failure risk identification. International Journal of Cardiology. 2025; 418: 132636.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.132636"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inciardi RM, Claggett B, Minamisawa M, Shin SH, Selvaraj S, Gon\u00e7alves A, et al. Association of Left Atrial Structure and Function With Heart Failure in Older Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2022; 79: 1549\u20131561.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.01.053"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Gu\u021bu A, Rotari V. Particularit\u0103\u021bile insuficien\u021bei cardiace cu frac\u021bie de ejec\u021bie u\u0219or redus\u0103. Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences. 2022. (In Romanian)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Triposkiadis F, Pieske B, Butler J, Parissis J, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, et al. Global left atrial failure in heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2016; 18: 1307\u20131320.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.645"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurt M, Wang J, Torre-Amione G, Nagueh SF. Left atrial function in diastolic heart failure. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2009; 2: 10\u201315.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.813071"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lundberg A, Johnson J, Hage C, B\u00e4ck M, Merkely B, Venkateshvaran A, et al. Left atrial strain improves estimation of filling pressures in heart failure: a simultaneous echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic study. Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society. 2019; 108: 703\u2013715.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1399-8"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torii Y, Kusunose K, Hirata Y, Nishio S, Ise T, Yamaguchi K, et al. Left Atrial Strain Associated with Functional Recovery in Patients Receiving Optimal Treatment for Heart Failure. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2021; 34: 966\u2013975.e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.03.016"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin X, Nauta JF, Hung CL, Ouwerkerk W, Teng THK, Voors AA, et al. Left atrial structure and function in heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Failure Reviews. 2022; 27: 1933\u20131955.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10204-8"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Loiacono F, Sparla S, Iardino E, Mondillo S. Left atrial strain: A useful index in atrial fibrillation. International Journal of Cardiology. 2016; 220: 208\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.197"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park JH, Hwang IC, Park JJ, Park JB, Cho GY. Prognostic power of left atrial strain in patients with acute heart failure. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2021; 22: 210\u2013219.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa013"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bouwmeester S, van der Stam JA, van Loon SLM, van Riel NAW, Boer AK, Dekker LR, et al. Left atrial reservoir strain as a predictor of cardiac outcome in patients with heart failure: the HaFaC cohort study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2022; 22: 104.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02545-5"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Sun Q, Han J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Song W, et al. Left atrial stiffness index as a marker of early target organ damage in hypertension. Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. 2021; 44: 299\u2013309.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-00551-8"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olsen FJ, Diederichsen SZ, J\u00f8rgensen PG, Jensen MT, Dahl A, Landler NE, et al. Left Atrial Strain Predicts Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Long-term Continuous Monitoring in Elderly High-Risk Individuals. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 17: e016197.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.123.016197"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goette A, Corradi D, Dobrev D, Aguinaga L, Cabrera JA, Chugh SS, et al. Atrial cardiomyopathy revisited-evolution of a concept: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2024; 26: euae204.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae204"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goette A, Lemoine MD, Borof K, Schotten U, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, et al. Prevalence and severity of atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation and stroke risk factors and its association with early rhythm control: a secondary analysis of EAST-AFNET 4. Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2025; 27: euaf256.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf256"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serenelli M, Cantone A, Dal Passo B, Di Ienno L, Fiorio A, Pavasini R, et al. Atrial Longitudinal Strain Predicts New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023; 16: 392\u2013395.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.11.004"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anagnostopoulos I, Kousta M, Vrachatis D, Giotaki S, Katsoulotou D, Karavasilis C, et al. Peak left atrial longitudinal strain and incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiologica. 2024; 79: 1101\u20131110.","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2024.2432579"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hauser R, Nielsen AB, Skaarup KG, Lassen MCH, Duus LS, Johansen ND, et al. Left atrial strain predicts incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022; 23: 52\u201360.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab202"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeng D, Li L, Chang S, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Cai Y, et al. The Utility of Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Parameters in Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2024; 20: 719\u2013729.","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S486056"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabanovic-Bajramovic N, Iglica A, Begic E, Begic A, Dzubur A, Naser N, et al. Left atrial strain significance in prediction of early atrial fibrillation recurrence after cardioversion and ablation. Europace. 2023; 25: euad122.022.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad122.022"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdelhamid S, Biomy R, Kabil H, Raslan M, Mostafa S. Association of Left Atrial Deformation Analysis by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography With Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients With Primary Valvular Heart Disease. Cureus. 2023; 15: e35151.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35151"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anwar AM. Morphological and functional assessment of the left atrial appendage in daily practice: a comprehensive approach using basic and advanced echocardiography with practical tips. Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 32: 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s44348-024-00017-2"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costa C, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alujas T, Valente F, Aranda C, Rodr\u00edguez-Palomares J, Gutierrez L, et al. Left atrial strain: a new predictor of thrombotic risk and successful electrical cardioversion. Echo Research and Practice. 2016; 3: 45\u201352.","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-16-0009"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yildirim Y, Yildirim S, Petersen J, Alassar Y, Sarwari H, Sinning C, et al. Left atrial strain predicts the rhythm outcome in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing left atrial cryoablation during minimally invasive mitral valve repair. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2024; 11: 1373310.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1373310"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kupczynska K, Michalski BW, Miskowiec D, Kasprzak JD, Wejner-Mik P, Wdowiak-Okrojek K, et al. Association between left atrial function assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography and the presence of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 18: 15\u201322.","DOI":"10.14744\/AnatolJCardiol.2017.7613"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Svartstein ASW, Lassen MH, Skaarup KG, Grove GL, Vyff F, Ravnkilde K, et al. Predictive value of left atrial strain in relation to atrial fibrillation following acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology. 2022; 364: 52\u201359.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.05.026"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan HR, Yakupoglu HY, Kralj-Hans I, Haldar S, Bahrami T, Clague J, et al. Left Atrial Function Predicts Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence Following Ablation of Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023; 16: e015352.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.123.015352"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mantovani M, De Mitri G, Imberti JF, Gerra L, Mei DA, Birtolo C, et al. Left and right atrial echocardiographic parameters and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Kardiologia Polska. 2025; 83: 594\u2013604.","DOI":"10.33963\/v.phj.104937"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu TY, Sun JP, Lee APW, Yang XS, Ji L, Zhang Z, et al. Left atrial function as assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography in hypertension. Medicine. 2015; 94: e526.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000526"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Patel DA, Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Shah S, Gilliland Y. Clinical implications of left atrial enlargement: a review. Ochsner Journal. 2009; 9: 191\u2013196."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mondillo S, Cameli M, Caputo ML, Lisi M, Palmerini E, Padeletti M, et al. Early detection of left atrial strain abnormalities by speckle-tracking in hypertensive and diabetic patients with normal left atrial size. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2011; 24: 898\u2013908.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.04.014"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Taamallah K, Yaakoubi W, Haggui A, Hajlaoui N, Fehri W. Early detection of left atrial dysfunction in hypertensive patients: Role of Speckle Tracking imaging. La Tunisie Medicale. 2022; 100: 788\u2013799."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefani LD, Trivedi SJ, Ferkh A, Emerson P, Marschner S, Gan G, et al. Left atrial mechanics evaluated by two-dimensional strain analysis: alterations in essential hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 2024; 42: 274\u2013282.","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003615"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun Q, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Association of Nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure With Left Atrial-Left Ventricular-Arterial Coupling in Hypertension. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022; 9: 814756.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.814756"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mousa M, Salam ZA, ElSawye M, Omran A, Aly K. Effect of blood pressure control on left atrial function assessed by 2D Echocardiography in newly diagnosed patients with systemic hypertension. International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy. 2024; 10: 102\u2013114.","DOI":"10.4274\/ijca.2024.53824"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Girard AA, Denney TS, Gupta H, Dell'Italia LJ, Calhoun DA, Oparil S, et al. Spironolactone improves left atrial function and atrioventricular coupling in patients with resistant hypertension. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 40: 487\u2013497.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-03013-7"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lindstrom M, DeCleene N, Dorsey H, Fuster V, Johnson CO, LeGrand KE, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks Collaboration, 1990-2021. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2022; 80: 2372\u20132425.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.001"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li YT, Shen WQ, Duan X, Li Y, Wang YX, Ren XX, et al. Left atrial strain predicts risk and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A retrospective study with external validation. Heliyon. 2022; 8: e11276.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11276"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pedersson PR, Skaarup KG, Lassen MCH, Olsen FJ, Iversen AZ, J\u00f8rgensen PG, et al. Left atrial strain is associated with long-term mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 40: 841\u2013851.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-024-03053-7"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ricken KWLM, Lenselink C, Venema CS, van der Horst ICC, van der Harst P, Pundziute-Do Prado G, et al. Left atrial strain predicts long-term heart failure outcomes after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology. 2025; 422: 132931.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.132931"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tangen J, Nguyen TM, Melichova D, Klaeboe LG, Forsa M, Andresen K, et al. The Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Function in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2024; 14: 2027.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14182027"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sikora-Frac M, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Smarz K, Maciejewski P, Kokowicz P, Przadka M, et al. Usefulness of left atrial strain in detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with first acute myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. 2025; 26: jeae333.074.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae333.074"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tu Y, Liu X, Li X, Xue N. Left atrial stiffness index - an early marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2024; 24: 371.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04047-y"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang M, Li Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Ren Y, Wu Y, et al. Left atrial and ventricular longitudinal strain by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking improves prognostic stratification of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024; 40: 1881\u20131890.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-024-03174-z"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park H, Kim KH, Kim HY, Cho JY, Yoon HJ, Hong YJ, et al. Left atrial longitudinal strain as a predictor of Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction in patients with breast Cancer. Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 2020; 18: 28.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-020-00210-5"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oikonomou EK, Kokkinidis DG, Kampaktsis PN, Amir EA, Marwick TH, Gupta D, et al. Assessment of Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain for Early Prediction of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiology. 2019; 4: 1007\u20131018.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.2952"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF 3rd, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2016; 29: 277\u2013314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.01.011"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inoue K, Machino-Ohtsuka T, Nakazawa Y, Iida N, Sasamura R, Bando H, et al. Early Detection and Prediction of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity - A Prospective Cohort Study. Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2024; 88: 751\u2013759.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-24-0065"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laufer-Perl M, Arias O, Dorfman SS, Baruch G, Rothschild E, Beer G, et al. Left Atrial Strain changes in patients with breast cancer during anthracycline therapy. International Journal of Cardiology. 2021; 330: 238\u2013244.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.02.013"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emerson P, Stefani L, Boyd A, Richards D, Hui R, Altman M, et al. Alterations in Left Atrial Strain in Breast Cancer Patients Immediately Post Anthracycline Exposure. Heart, Lung & Circulation. 2024; 33: 684\u2013692.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.06.864"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kato T, Harada T, Kagami K, Obokata M. The roles of global longitudinal strain imaging in contemporary clinical cardiology. Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001). 2022; 49: 175\u2013185.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-021-01184-1"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Debonnaire P, Leong DP, Witkowski TG, Al Amri I, Joyce E, Katsanos S, et al. Left atrial function by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with severe organic mitral regurgitation: association with guidelines-based surgical indication and postoperative (long-term) survival. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2013; 26: 1053\u20131062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.05.019"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameli M, Pastore MC, Righini FM, Mandoli GE, D'Ascenzi F, Lisi M, et al. Prognostic value of left atrial strain in patients with moderate asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2019; 35: 1597\u20131604.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-019-01598-6"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Garsse L, Gelsomino S, Luc\u00e0 F, Parise O, Cheriex E, Rao CM, et al. Left atrial strain and strain rate before and following restrictive annuloplasty for ischaemic mitral regurgitation evaluated by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2013; 14: 534\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes206"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang LT, Tsai WC, Luo CY, Li YH, Tsai LM. Role of Left Atrial Reservoir Strain Rate in Left Atrial Remodeling in Severe Mitral Regurgitation. Journal of Medical Ultrasound. 2017; 25: 16\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmu.2016.09.003"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lisi M, Cameli M, Di Tommaso C, Curci V, Reccia R, D'ascenzi F, et al. Mitral regurgitation severity correlates with symptoms and extent of left atrial dysfunction: Effect of mitral valve repair. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU. 2018; 46: 32\u201340.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22521"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song BG, On YK, Jeon ES, Kim DK, Lee SC, Park SW, et al. Atrioventricular reverse remodeling after valve repair for chronic severe mitral regurgitation: 1-year follow-up. Clinical Cardiology. 2010; 33: 630\u2013637.","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20782"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Figueiredo FDA, Esteves WAM, Hung J, Gomes NFA, Taconeli CA, Pantale\u00e3o AN, et al. Left atrial function in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis: addressing prognostic insights beyond atrial fibrillation prediction. European Heart Journal. Imaging Methods and Practice. 2024; 2: qyae067.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae067"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan ESJ, Jin X, Oon YY, Chan SP, Gong L, Lunaria JB, et al. Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Strain in Aortic Stenosis: A Competing Risk Analysis. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2023; 36: 29\u201337.e5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.10.011"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lacy SC, Thomas JD, Syed MA, Kinno M. Prognostic value of left atrial strain in aortic stenosis: A systematic review. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.). 2024; 41: e15829.","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15829"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weber J, Bond K, Flanagan J, Passick M, Petillo F, Pollack S, et al. The Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Global Longitudinal Strain and Left Atrial Phasic Volumes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Valve Implantation for Severe Aortic Stenosis. Cardiology. 2021; 146: 489\u2013500.","DOI":"10.1159\/000514665"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabatino J, De Rosa S, Leo I, Strangio A, La Bella S, Sorrentino S, et al. Early reduction of left atrial function predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Open Heart. 2021; 8: e001685.","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001685"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia-Pavia P, Rapezzi C, Adler Y, Arad M, Basso C, Brucato A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. European Heart Journal. 2021; 42: 1554\u20131568.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab072"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Monte IP, Faro DC, Trimarchi G, de Gaetano F, Campisi M, Losi V, et al. Left Atrial Strain Imaging by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: The Supportive Diagnostic Value in Cardiac Amyloidosis and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2023; 10: 261.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10060261"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edbom F, Lindqvist P, Wiklund U, Pilebro B, Anan I, Flachskampf FA, et al. Assessing left atrial dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis using LA-LV strain slope. European Heart Journal. Imaging Methods and Practice. 2024; 2: qyae100.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae100"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattig I, Steudel T, Klingel K, Barzen G, Frumkin D, Spethmann S, et al. Right heart and left atrial strain to differentiate cardiac amyloidosis and Fabry disease. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14: 2445.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52890-y"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bandera F, Martone R, Chacko L, Ganesananthan S, Gilbertson JA, Ponticos M, et al. Clinical Importance of Left Atrial Infiltration in Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022; 15: 17\u201329.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.022"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oike F, Usuku H, Yamamoto E, Yamada T, Egashira K, Morioka M, et al. Prognostic value of left atrial strain in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Failure. 2021; 8: 5316\u20135326.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13621"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siontis KC, Geske JB, Ong K, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Gersh BJ. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, clinical correlations, and mortality in a large high-risk population. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2014; 3: e001002.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001002"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain V, Ghosh R, Gupta M, Saijo Y, Bansal A, Farwati M, et al. Contemporary narrative review on left atrial strain mechanics in echocardiography: cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease and beyond. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. 2021; 11: 924\u2013938.","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-461"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su Y, Li C, Yin L. Assessment the Predictive Value of Left Atrial Strain (LAS) on Exercise Tolerance in HCM Patients with E\/e' between 8 and 14 by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking and Treadmill Stress Echocardiography. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2023; 24: 167.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2406167"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hinojar R, Zamorano JL, Fern\u00e1ndez-M\u00e9ndez M, Esteban A, Plaza-Martin M, Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez A, et al. Prognostic value of left atrial function by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2019; 35: 1055\u20131065.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-019-01534-8"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tayal B, Malahfji M, Buergler JM, Shah DJ, Nagueh SF. Hemodynamic determinants of left atrial strain in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A combined echocardiography and CMR study. PloS One. 2021; 16: e0245934.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245934"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou S, Zheng T, Li S, Yu S, Gong L. Association between atrial premature beat and left atrial function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial tissue tracking: a reproducibility cohort study. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. 2026; 16: 60.","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-1279"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hershberger RE, Hedges DJ, Morales A. Dilated cardiomyopathy: the complexity of a diverse genetic architecture. Nature Reviews. Cardiology. 2013; 10: 531\u2013547.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.105"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu Y, Tang S, Jiang X, Li W, Guo J, et al. Left Atrial Function Predicts Outcome in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Fast Long-Axis Strain Analysis Derived from MRI. Radiology. 2022; 302: 72\u201381.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021210801"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fong FW, Hwang S, Xu Y, Hui WHA, Leung KHG, Lin L, et al. Prognostic Utility of Left Atrial Strain From MRI Feature Tracking in Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Multicenter Study. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2024; 222: e2330357.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.30357"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Huang SH, Wang TH, Tseng VS, Tsao HM, Tang GJ. Automatic 3D left atrial strain extraction framework on cardiac computed tomography. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2024; 252: 108236.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108236"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leite J, Bollache E, Nguyen V, Gueda Moussa M, Wallet T, Prigent M, et al. Deep learning-based segmentation and strain analysis of left heart chambers from long-axis CMR images. European Heart Journal. Imaging Methods and Practice. 2025; 2: qyaf070.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyaf070"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harmon DM, Sehrawat O, Maanja M, Wight J, Noseworthy PA. Artificial Intelligence for the Detection and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review. 2023; 12: e12.","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2022.31"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/27\/8\/10.31083\/RCM48668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:18:24Z","timestamp":1788437904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/RCM\/27\/8\/10.31083\/RCM48668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S2153-8174(26)03619-0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/rcm48668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-6550","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-8174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"article-number":"48668"}}