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Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs approximately 24\u201332 nucleotides (nt) in length. They are well known for silencing transposons and maintaining genomic integrity during germ cell development. Recent studies have detected specific piRNAs in cardiovascular-relevant tissues, including myocardial tissue, circulating samples, and distinct cardiac cell populations, as well as in various disease settings. However, the biogenesis and functions of somatic piRNA\/P-element-induced wimpy testis proteins (PIWI) signaling in mammalian cardiovascular tissues remain incompletely understood. The biological functions of piRNAs in cardiac physiology and the pathogenesis of various diseases are still largely unexplored. In this review, we summarize piRNA expression patterns, underlying mechanisms, and potential clinical significance in cardiovascular diseases, providing insights that may facilitate the development of targeted molecular therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31083\/rcm48753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:43Z","timestamp":1785407503000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PIWI-Interacting RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: From Epigenetic Regulators to Clinical Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7333-2180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9270-754X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4658-0487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, 261000 Weifang, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9678-9402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6856-2622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-2420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250000 Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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