{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:58:21Z","timestamp":1759683501603},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,12]],"date-time":"2011-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12429,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract. <\/jats:bold> The technique of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) has been used to detect precipitin reactions between sera from subfertile and fertile patients and seminal plasma antigens. Freshly ejaculated seminal plasma lacked antigenicity detectable by CIE. Seminal plasmas obtained as part of routine semen analyses and therefore left to stand for varying periods, showed activity. In a study of 60 spouse seminal plasmas which were collected in routine fashion and then incubated at 37\u00b0C, antigenic activity appeared after varying periods of incubation. Activity was most commonly detected after 18 hours' incubation usually lasting for 6 hours or more. A pool of 37 seminal plasmas (PSP), which was rendered antigenic by incubation, reacted on CIE with 156 (85.7%) of 182 sera from subfertile patients and with 80 (63.0%) of 127 sera from fertile women. In three of the positive sera, the immunoglobulin fraction was recovered and found to contain the components binding with PSP antigen. The PSP material was bacteriologically contaminated and on culture 7 bacterial types were isolated\u2013pseudo\u2010monas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, bacillus subtilis, non\u2010haemolytic and haemolytic diphtheroids, mucoid E. coli, and streptococcus faecalis. Pooled cell free extracts (CFE) from these bacteria reacted with 154 (84.6%) of the subfertility patients and 68 (53.5 %) of the comparison subjects. Use of a 3\u2010well CIE procedure revealed the presence of some of these CFE bacterial antigens in PSP. A component distinct from the bacterial antigens was observed in PSP. This antigenic component is thought to represent seminal plasma antigen(s) resulting from bacterial action. Its appearance is induced by contact of seminal plasma with any of the 7 bacterial types, but not by incubation of sterile seminal plasma alone, or in combination with CFE or bacterial protease. A proportion of the bacterial antigen(s) was heat labile. Those that were thermostable were removed from PSP by absorption with chicken anti\u2010bacterial antisera. The absorbed PSP reacted with 58 (31.2%) of the subfertile subjects and 15 (11.8%) of the fertile women. The subfertile group was subdivided into primary and secondary subfertility, and again according to whether conception occurred during the course of the study. A difference in CIE positivity was observed in the secondary, but not in the primary, subfertile women. Twenty\u2010two (61.1 %) of the 36 secondary subfertile women who failed to conceive were CIE positive, in contrast to 6 (20.7%) of the 29 women who became pregnant (p&lt;0.005).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347709155023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T18:05:49Z","timestamp":1260295549000},"page":"515-521","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunity to Modified Seminal Plasma Antigens Associated with Subfertility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm J.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Ratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","article-title":"The passive haemolysis reaction for the identification of antiseminal plasma antibodies in the serum of women with unexplained sterility. In Immunology in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, p. 71","author":"Carretti N.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ex-cerpta Medica, ICS No. 327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"I International Congress on Immunology in Obstetrics and Gynaecology International Congress Series, No. 281","author":"Chen C.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"The detection of antibodies to seminal fluid in infertile women by counter\u2010immunoelectrophoresis","volume":"8","author":"Chen C.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Counterimmunoelectro\u2010phoresis\u2014a rapid method for the detection of antibodies to seminal plasma","volume":"2","author":"Chen C.","year":"1974","journal-title":"IRCS, J Internat Res Commun, Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Occurrence of antibody to seminal plasma among prostitutes","volume":"10","author":"Chen C.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Clinical and immunological study of an exceptional case of reaginic type sensitization to human seminal fluid","volume":"12","author":"Halpern B. N.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)36973-4","article-title":"The antigens of human seminal plasma: with special reference to lactoferrin as a spermatozoa\u2010coating antigen","volume":"20","author":"Hekman A.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"In Development of Vaccines for Fertility Regulation","author":"Hjort T.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304262881707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Allergy to human seminal fluid","volume":"34","author":"Mikkelsen E. J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annals of Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62650-8","article-title":"Genital infections and spermaggluti\u2010nating antibodies in infertile men","volume":"99","author":"Quesada E. M.","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)32284-1","article-title":"Problems of male infertility. III. Bacteriology of human semen","volume":"7","author":"Riley F. J.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Antigenicity and autoimmunity in sexual reproduction: a review","volume":"9","author":"Shulman S.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)38220-6"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016347709155023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016347709155023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T16:12:21Z","timestamp":1699459941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016347709155023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016347709155023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016347709155023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}