{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1791841792810,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10237,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract. <\/jats:bold> Actinomycosis involving the female genital tract is more common among IUD users than others. The diagnosis is difficult and often delayed. It has been suggested that the finding of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\u2010like organisms or <jats:italic>A. israelii<\/jats:italic> in cervical smears indicates a risk of developing actinomycosis. <jats:italic>A. israelii<\/jats:italic> has not been regarded as a part of the indigenous genital flora.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A group of IUD users without symptoms of genital tract infections were compared with a control group without IUDs. No <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\u2010like organisms were found on cyto\u2010logical examination of cervical smears. Immunofluorescent staining and cultures identified <jats:italic>A. israelii<\/jats:italic> in 4% of the IUD users and in 3% of the non\u2010users. Serologic precipitin tests for actinomycosis were negative in all women. None developed actinomycosis on follow\u2010up of positive cases. The study indicates that <jats:italic>A. israelli<\/jats:italic> is a commensal of the female genital tract. The identification of A. <jats:italic>israelii<\/jats:italic> alone does not indicate that the patient risks developing actinomycosis. Other methods such as a serology test should be useful in defining the clinical significance of the findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348309156249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T18:00:00Z","timestamp":1260295200000},"page":"563-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Actinomyces Israelii in the Genital Tract of Women with and Without Intra\u2010Uterine Contraceptive Devices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Persson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1973.tb03782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6114.719-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Abdominal actinomycosis","volume":"149","author":"Berardi R. 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