{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:46:03Z","timestamp":1773189963099,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9872,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract. <\/jats:bold> Two groups of mothers who underwent elective cesarean section under epidural analgesia, were studied with the aim of comparing the analgesic potency and side effects of two solutions: morphine\u2010bupivacaine and morphine\u2010saline. Each group comprised 100 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The intraoperative anesthesia was established with bupi\u2010vacaine plain, 5 mg\/ml, in amount 85\u2010125 mg.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Immediately after the infant was delivered, the mothers received a single epidural dose of 3 mg of preservative\u2010free morphine chloride mixed with either 5 ml of 0.25% bupiva\u2010caine (Group I) or 0.9% saline (Group II). The intraoperative observations showed \u201cgood effect\u201d without need for supplementation of analgesia in 82 mothers in Group I, compared with 61 mothers in Group II (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The postoperative observations showed that 82 mothers in Group I were satisfied with a single dose of morphine for more than 24 hours, while in Group II the corresponding number was 63 (p&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p>A significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was found between the groups; 7 of the mothers experienced nausea and 4 vomited in Group I and 17 experienced nausea and 13 vomited in Group II (p&lt;0.05, for both variables). Respiratory depression was seen in one mother during surgery immediately after supplementation of morphine\u2010bupivacaine analgesia with ketamine. Other side effects, such as itching, bradycardia and Homer's triad were rare.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It may be concluded that a single epidural dose of morphine in bupivacaine will augment intraoperative analgesia and prolong postoperative analgesia. Less favorable results were obtained when morphine in saline was used. Synergism between bupivacaine and morphine is suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348409154648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T17:59:41Z","timestamp":1260295181000},"page":"135-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Matousek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","author":"Behar M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"BookerP. WilkesR. S. BrysonT. H. L. Bed\u2010DardJ..Clinical experience with epidural morphine. Presented at Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association meeting Bristol March 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.140.3565.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Mechanism of action of extradural analgesia","volume":"47","author":"Bromage P. 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G.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1980.tb01565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Epidural and spinal endorphinomemetics for surgery and post\u2010operative pain relief","author":"Dirksen R.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197801000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.5.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1980.tb03797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/52.3.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91263-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Tissue and cerebrospinal fluid tolerance of epidural opiate application","author":"M\u00fcller H.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348309154219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90606-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1981.tb01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0377-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X7900700411","article-title":"Epidural analgesia with morphine\u2014a preliminary communication","volume":"7","author":"Torda T. 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L.","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016348409154648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016348409154648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T22:11:46Z","timestamp":1697753506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016348409154648"}},"subtitle":["The Effect of Morphine\u2010bupivacaine Administered Epidurally for Intra and Postoperative Pain Relief"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016348409154648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016348409154648","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}