{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:25:33Z","timestamp":1781087133332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8776,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in 227 amniotic fluid specimens obtained by amniocentesis during the third trimester and hemoglobin A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub> (Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>) in 889 maternal blood specimens obtained between 6 and 39 gestational weeks were measured for 115 singleton insulin\u2010dependent diabetic pregnancies without major fetal malformations or stillbirths. The fetuses of diabetics whose mean Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub> during pregnancy was 8.5% or more remained PG\u2010negative more often than those in the pregnancies with the mean Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub> below 8.5% at 37 (4\/7 vs. 8\/68, <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 10.2, p&lt;0.01) and 38 (2\/7 vs. 2\/84, <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 5.2, p &lt;0.05) completed weeks of gestation. The fetuses of the patients with a mean Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub> 8.0% or more were more often PG\u2010negative at 37 gestational weeks (7\/15) than those in the pregnancies with a mean Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>below 8.0% (5\/60, <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 10.4, p &lt;0.005). Because Hb A<jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub> reflects long\u2010term blood glucose levels, the results suggest that maternal hyperglycemia, or other metabolic disturbances associated with hyperglycemia, is the cause of delayed fetal lung maturation among insulin\u2010dependent diabetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348709020759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]],"date-time":"2007-11-22T00:44:27Z","timestamp":1195692267000},"page":"263-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High Maternal Levels of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c<\/sub> Associated with Delayed Fetal Lung Maturation in Insulin\u2010Dependent Diabetic Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Kari","family":"Ylinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197602122940702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Teramo K.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198503000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"The lung profile. 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