{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:27:32Z","timestamp":1767835652415,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8045,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have studied the cesarean section frequencies and changing spectrum of indications in Norway during six consecutive 3\u2010year periods from 1967 to 1984. The data set consists of 1,046,162 births notified to the Medical birth registry of Norway, of which 52,426 were specified as cesarean sections, the frequency rising from 1.9% in 1967\u201369 to 9.7% in 1982\u201384. A check for completeness of cesarean section notification was made against the birth protocols of the largest obstetrical unit in Norway. The error rate was about 3%. Information on the indication for performing cesarean section was missing in 11.4% of the cases. We grouped thirty\u2010one specified indications under seven headings. In 1967\u201369 the operation was most often performed for \u2018maternal\u2019 reasons, followed by \u2018mechanical\u2019, \u2018abnormalities of fetal presentation\u2019 and \u2018acute placental\u2019 conditions. Throughout the study period, \u2018mechanical\u2019 (which can also be labelled \u2018dystocia\u2019) accounted for about one third of the indications for cesarean section, while \u2018maternal\u2019 (including high maternal age and pre\u2010eclampsia) and \u2018acute placental\u2019 (placenta praevia and placental abruption) decreased in relative importance. \u2018Fetal presentation\u2019 (including twins) doubled its relative share, while increasing from 2.4 per 1000 births in 1967\u201369 to 24.8 per 1000 births in 1982\u201384. A steep rise in the group \u2018fetal asphyxia\u2019 corresponded to the period when the mess of electronic monitoring devices was introduced, in the early 1970s. \u2018Fetal asphyxia\u2019 had a higher relative share of the indications among para 0 mothers than in the total birth population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348909013275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:06:56Z","timestamp":1194980816000},"page":"589-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Changes in Frequency and Indications for Cesarean Section in Norway 1967\u20131984"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Borthen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Lossius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolv","family":"Skjaerven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Bergsj\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"696","article-title":"Reasons for the rising cesarean delivery rates: 1978\u20131984","volume":"69","author":"Shiono P H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702123160706"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.2.241-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198003063021006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.2.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348309156248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Perinatal care delivery systems. Description and evaluation in European Community countries","author":"Thiery M.","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016348909013275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016348909013275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T23:18:45Z","timestamp":1697930325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016348909013275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016348909013275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016348909013275","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}