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Prostaglandins applied locally were found to increase intraperitoneal adhesion formation at the injury site, in comparison with controls. the effect of intraperitoneal application of prostaglandins F<jats:sub>2Alpha<\/jats:sub> and E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on fibroblastic proliferation was examined in vitro, by fibroblastic cell culture of rat kidney, human kidney and human prepuce. No direct effect of prostaglandins on fibroblast proliferation could be demonstated. It is concluded that prostaglandins play an important role in the process of adhesion formation. 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