{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:47:13Z","timestamp":1759333633213},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S152","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7676,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Norgestimate is a new progestin developed for use with ethinyl estradiol as a combination oral contraceptive. It binds to rabbit uterine progestational receptors and in the oral form stimulates a progestational endometrial effect in rabbits. Norgestimate also exerts a direct effect on target organs, stimulating the endometrium in rabbits when injected directly into the uterine horn and inhibiting luteinizing hormone release from rat pituitary cells in culture. Like other progestins, norgestimate inhibits ovulation in several species and estrogen\u2010induced vaginal cornification in ovariectomized rats, but it is not estrogenic. Unlike other progestins, including levonorgestrel and gestodene, norgestimate is relatively free of androgenic activity. Norgestimate's affinity for the androgen receptor is very poor (0.003 \u00d7 dihydrotestosterone [DHT]), even poorer than that of progesterone (0.005 \u00d7 DHT). In sharp contrast are the marked affinities of levonorgestrel (0.220 \u00d7 DHT) and gestodene (0.154 \u00d7 DHT) for that receptor. The selectivity of norgestimate at receptor level is demonstrated clearly by its highly favorable androgen\u2010to\u2010progestin binding ratio.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Norgestimate is similar to progesterone in not significantly stimulating ventral prostate growth in immature rats, whereas levonorgestrel, gestodene, and desogestrel are significantly androgenic in this model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Further evidence of norgestimate's minimal androgenicity is its lack of affinity for human sex hormone binding globulin in vitro. In conclusion, these preclinical studies, consistent with clinical studies, demonstrate the progestational efficacy and selectivity of norgestimate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349009156502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T17:53:11Z","timestamp":1260294791000},"page":"21-24","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Selectivity of a New Progestin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Effect of oral contraceptives on serum lipid and cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Fotherby K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Family Planning"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90874-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347909157235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Clinical evidence of the minimal androgenic activity of norgestimate","volume":"34","author":"Chapdelaine A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","article-title":"Progestational and androgenic receptor binding affinities and in\u2010vivo activities of norgestimate and other progestins","author":"Phillips A.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(85)90054-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Influence of norgestimate and levonorgestrel on SHBG","volume":"237","author":"Hahn D W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Endocrine\u2010pharmacological profile of gestodene","author":"Elger W.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Contracept Deliv Syst."}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016349009156502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016349009156502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T18:35:08Z","timestamp":1697999708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016349009156502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S152","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016349009156502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349009156502","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}