{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1761894621619},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6764,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aim and objective<\/jats:italic>: Because the findings of epidemiologic studies of the relationship between oral contraceptive use and cervical cancer have not been consistent, we reanalyzed the relationship.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>: Meta\u2010analysis of studies published to date.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Setting and subjects<\/jats:italic>: Papers were located by searching the MEDLINE data base, supplemented by a hand search of all the references in the articles recovered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Measurements<\/jats:italic>: Studies were graded as to quality. Two meta\u2010analyses were performed: one including all the studies gathered and one including methodologically acceptable studies only. The method of Woolf was used to combine relative risks. Heterogeneity of the effect was assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>: Fifty\u2010one published studies were collected: 21 case\u2010control, 18 cross\u2010sectional, and 12 cohort designs. Twenty\u2010one of these were considered as methodologically acceptable, but only 18 could be pooled. The main results observed were: relative risks was 1.52 (1.3\u20131.8) for dysplasia, 1.S2 (1.3\u20131.8) for carcinoma in situ, and 1.21 (1.1\u20131.4) for invasive cancer. A significant linear dose\u2010response effect was observed in dysplasia, carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, and invasive cervical cancer. Heterogeneity of the effect was present in some of the former estimates.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Oral contraceptive use may be a risk factor for all stages of the natural history of cervical cancer, which may imply an initiator effect. Limitations to this research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349209021075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1194980971000},"page":"368-376","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Oral contraceptives and cancer of the cervix uteri: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Delgado\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sillero\u2010Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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