{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:17:57Z","timestamp":1790083077134,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6003,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Although several investigators have attempted to define the normal values of umbilical cord blood pH and gases, there is considerable controversy about the optimal cutoff values to diagnosis intrauterine asphyxia. A possible reason for this might be that several studies have included data from fetuses born after different duration of labor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic> To determine the effect of labor and the duration of second stage of labor on umbilical arterial acid\u2010base status at birth in healthy term infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic> Umbilical artery acid\u2010base status was determined in patients (n = 356) who met the following criteria: 1) singleton term pregnancy with no significant medical, obstetric, or neonatal complications; 2) vertex presentation if delivered vaginally; 3) neither regional nor general anesthesia applied if delivered vaginally; 4) no use of oxytocin; 5) normal fetal heart rate patterns; 6) clear amniotic fluid; 7) Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min \u22657; 8) appropriate fetal weight for gestational age. Patients were divided into three groups. A \u2010 patients delivered by cesarean section (CS) in the absence of labor (n=135); B\u2010patients delivered by CS during first stage of labor (n = 62); C\u2010patients with vaginal birth (n=159). A Kruskal\u2010Wallis A YOVA with post\u2010hoc procedures and stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. 1) There were significant differences in cord arterial acid\u2010base values between study groups (pH: no labor CS. 7.27 \u00b1 0.05 vs labor CS. 7.26 \u00b1 0.05 vs vaginal birth, 7.24 \u00b1 0.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0,0000 1). 2) There was a significant fall in cord arterial pH and bicarbonate concentrations with increased duration of second stage of labor in newborns born vaginally (pH: duration of second stage. 1\u201030 min, 7.25 \u00b1 U.07 vs 31\u201060 min, 7.22 \u00b1 0.06 vs &gt;61 min, 7.21\u00b10.07. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). 3) Analysis of confounding variables which could influence the cord pH such as parity, usz of vacuum. gestational age, maternal age, and birth weight by stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that only the duration of second stage of labor pain had a significant relationship with cord blood pH.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic> There is a significant fall in umbilical artery pH and bicarbonate with the presence of labor and increased duration of second stage of labor in healthy term neonates. This should br taken into consideration in evaluating neonatal well\u2010being by cord blood pH and acid\u2010base measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409006272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:11:02Z","timestamp":1194981062000},"page":"555-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of labor on the normal values of umbilical blood acid\u2010base status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Bo Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syng Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90410-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90456-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767059209161880"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90362-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6640.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90523-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"The Apgar score: Is it good enough?","volume":"66","author":"Silverman F.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91462-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-196901000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal acid\u2010base balance in normal and high\u2010risk pregnancies during labor and the first hour of life","volume":"43","author":"Modanlou H.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)31033-9","article-title":"The clinical use of umbilical cord acid\u2010base determinations in perinatal surveillance and management","volume":"9","author":"Wible J. 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