{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:46:08Z","timestamp":1764060368706},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5972,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> During the past years a major change in the use of delivery position has occurred in Sweden. Recumbent delivery positions have been replaced by a variety of positions: squatting, standing, lateral, kneeling and quadruped. The consequences of this shift in obstetrical practice for development of perineal lacerations are largely unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Method.<\/jats:italic> Retrospective comparison of uncomplicated deliveries in <jats:italic>standing<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 650) and sitting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 264) position with respect to third degree lacerations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> The standing and sitting delivery group were similar with respect to maternal, infant and delivery characteristics. The frequency of third degree tears was 2.50% in standing and 0.38% in sitting birth position (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). In nulliparous women, third degree tears occurred in 4.2% in standing and 1.0% in sitting position.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> The present data implies that the risk of third degree lacerations is considerably higher (7x) in standing than in sitting birth positions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409013456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:11:05Z","timestamp":1194981065000},"page":"630-633","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Birth in standing position: A high frequency of third degree tears"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Britta","family":"Gareberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brltt","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulla\u2010Britt","family":"Wennerholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Wennergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"The medical birth registry (MBR) of the National board of Health and Welfare. 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