{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:36:37Z","timestamp":1778686597603,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5272,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> Complement is activated in preeclampsia and complement products are known to activate macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine whether the macrophage derived cytokines, interleukin\u20101\u00df, interleukin\u20106 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha, are released in patients with a form of severe preeclampsia characterized by the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Complement activation and plasma levels of cytokines were studied in 11 women with HELLP syndrome and in 11 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies. To further evaluate the connection between complement activation and cytokine release an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study on heparinized whole blood incubated with recombinant C5a was performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> In the HELLP group, complement anaphylatoxin C5a was increased in plasma at delivery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and one day after delivery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), terminal C5b\u20109 complement complex was elevated in plasma at delivery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and one day after (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), plasma levels of interleukin\u20106 were increased one day after delivery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha were elevated at delivery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), compared with corresponding levels in controls. All parameters normalized within one week. Interleukin\u201016 did not differ between the groups. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, recombinant C5a incubated in whole blood gave a dose\u2010dependent release of interleukin\u20106. No increased release of interleukin\u20101 or tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha was seen after incubation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Since cytokine release occurs in severe preeclampsia, inflammatory mechanisms may participate in the pathophysiology of severe preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349609065729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]],"date-time":"2007-11-22T00:49:07Z","timestamp":1195692547000},"page":"695-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Increased release of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha and interleukin\u20106 in women with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Magnus","family":"H\u00e6ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Unander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Tarkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Petter","family":"Arnestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Medical complications during pregnancy","author":"Ferris T. 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