{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:19:30Z","timestamp":1776842370988,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,31]],"date-time":"1997-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> There is uncertainty concerning antenatal care as a tool to eliminate or alleviate adverse outcomes in the newborn. We identified congenital conditions, intrauterine infections, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth and some specific infectious diseases in the mother with a view to prophylactic and other interventions. The value of some special diagnostic tools is also under discussion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>Review of recent literature, especially randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results and conclusions.<\/jats:italic>Genetic abnormalities cannot be prevented after conception, but many of them, and a number of acquired conditions, can be discovered by ultrasonographic and biochemical diagnostics. The advisability of screening must be determined locally for each condition, based on prevalence, treatment options and the legal requirements for abortion. Smoking. excessive alcohol intake, and severe undernutrition cause fetal growth retardation. Interventions to reduce maternal smoking have had limited success. Protein\u2010energy supplementation only modestly affects birthweight. Routine measurement of uterine height is a good predictor of severe growth retardation and in rural settings of perinatal death. Preterm birth has been linked to ascending infection and subsequent rupture of the membranes. Attempts to eradicate local infections have shown some benefit but results are not convincing yet. Cervical cerclage and betamimetic drugs have little, if any, effect. Claims for reduction of physical strain (standing &gt;5 hours) at work should be supported. Tuberculosis in the mother should be discovered and treated. Malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy will protect the mother and possibly benefit the fetus. Adequate tetanus immunization of all mothers is a high priority intervention in developing countries. In HIV\u2010positive mothers, Zidovudine ante\u2010 and perinatally will lower perinatal HIV\u2010transmission significantly. Risk scoring may help identify some women for referral to higher level of care. Routine ultrasonography does not improve the outcome of pregnancy in terms of live births and morbidity, but may influence mortality through discovery and abortion of fetuses with major malformations. One vaginal examination during pregnancy is recommended but no repeat procedure unless medically indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709047779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,5]],"date-time":"2008-03-05T19:05:08Z","timestamp":1204743908000},"page":"15-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Scientific basis for the content of routine antenatal care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Per","family":"Bergsj\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific basis for the content of routine antenatal care. I. Philosophy, recent studies and power to eliminate or alleviate adverse maternal outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Villar J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Ob-stet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prenatal screening: current policy in EC countries","author":"Heringa M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Antenatal Care. Bailli\u00e9re's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"Terry P. B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199312000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Pregnancy and Childbirth Module","author":"Crowther C. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003693309403900509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01481043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803173181101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"627","volume-title":"Medical Therapy in Pregnancy, 2nd edition","author":"Wenstrom K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, Vol I: Pregnancy","author":"Lumley J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.5.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92168-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation during two consecutive pregnancies and the interim lactation period: effect on birth weight","volume":"8","author":"Villar J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462300013052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb16237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Published through Cochrane Updates on Disk","author":"Neilson J. P.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91905-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90012-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"The Effectiveness of Medical Care: Validating Clinical Wisdom","author":"Starfield B.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Preterm delivery syndrome: the unmet need","volume":"16","author":"Villar J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Research and Clinical Forums"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy and efficacy of short\u2010course and metanidazole treatment. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"McDonald H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6924.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90184-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Little evidence of causal association","volume":"308","author":"Priestley C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Spurious link may lead to overtreatment","volume":"308","author":"Yoong A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"788","article-title":"An author's reply","volume":"308","author":"Hay P. E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70033-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00267-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","article-title":"ABC of Antenatal Care","author":"Chamberlain G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"London: British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb01711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90222-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90208-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.1.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"131","volume":"84","author":"Goldenberg R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bed rest in pregnancy Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme","author":"Rooney C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91263-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"HughesA.(1991)Anaemia in pregnancy. A background paper for discussion. Division of Family Health.Meeting of Technical Working Group on Prevention and Treatment of Severe Anaemia in Pregnancy Geneva 2022 May 1991.World Health Organization Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"630","volume-title":"Obstetrics and gynaecology in the tropics and developing countries","author":"Lawson J. B.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116861","article-title":"(b) Malaria and low\u2010birth weight in Central Sudan","volume":"138","author":"Taha T. E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.1.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Malaria prevention during pregnancy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"A review of randomized controlled trials of routine antimalaria drug prophylaxis during pregnancy in endemic malarias areas","volume":"72","author":"Garner P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"WHO Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93022-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"A tabulation of available information. 2nd edn","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)02265-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1966774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(93)90383-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"915","article-title":"The effect on fetal growth of protozoan and helminthic infection during pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"Villar J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.2.286","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness of iron\u2010folate supplementation and anthelmintic therapy against anemia in pregnancy \u2014 a study in the plantation sector of Sri Lanka","volume":"60","author":"Atu Korala Sunethra T. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92171-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411033311801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/40.3.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6863.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490070068044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490140035013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"The relationships among psychosocial profile maternal size and smoking in predicting fetal growth retardation","volume":"80","author":"Cliver S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90466-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, Volume 1: Pregnancy","author":"Neilson J. P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91941-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6895.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309163291201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90605-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70040-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(69)90291-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92825-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430020072031"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016349709047779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016349709047779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:55:50Z","timestamp":1749452150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016349709047779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016349709047779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349709047779","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6349","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}