{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:00:59Z","timestamp":1749528059673,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,31]],"date-time":"1997-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> The reliability of oral contraceptives (OC) is high but several known factors can potentially induce failures. The dose of estrogen (EE) has been reduced through the years. Interaction with concomitant use of other medicine is wellknown and gastroenteritis can reduce the uptake of EE. To further characterize and quantify these factors we have performed this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Among patients admitted for legal abortion we selected those who had taken OC (only combined preparations; gestagen\u2010only preparations were excluded) according to the prescription but nevertheless became pregnant. Various parameters were noted. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Among 8058 women 70 women were found. Twenty\u2010nine used three\u2010phased and 25 used low\u2010dose OC while the rest used high\u2010dose, two\u2010phased or unknown OC (four, five and seven patients respectively). Five patients used other medicine concurrently (salbutamol, astemizol, mianserin, chlorcyclizin, paradryl, carbamazepin, lithium, chlorprotoxin and imip\u2010ramin). Sixteen patients had symptoms of gastroenteritis at the time of conception. Forty\u2010nine patients had failure without any known influencing factors. There was no significant difference between the various OC used by the patients compared to sales of them in Denmark. About two\u2010thirds of the patients wanted to continue with OC as future prevention. <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Failure of OC is a rare event but can occur in case of concurrent gastroenteritis or use of other medicine but in many cases, however, no definite cause can be determined. The EE\u2010content of the various OC was not found to have any influence. Although OC\u2010failure had occurred two\u2010thirds of the patients wanted to continue the use of OC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709047786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,5]],"date-time":"2008-03-05T19:05:20Z","timestamp":1204743920000},"page":"61-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors influencing the reliability of oral contraceptives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Torben H\u00f8iland","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Finn","family":"Lundvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(88)90111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000010890"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198308020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6224.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"3550","article-title":"P\u2010pillebrug i Danmark 1980\u20131990 saint ryge\u2010vaner blandt fertile kvinder i 1990","volume":"155","author":"Lidegaard \u00f8","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ugeskr Lsger"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"31S","article-title":"Drug interaction with oral contraceptives: compilation and analysis of an adverse experience report database","volume":"49","author":"Szoka P. R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199018060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46350-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Drug interaction affecting oral contraceptive efficacy","volume":"1","author":"Back D. J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertility Control Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1986.tb128359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Pill method failures","volume":"100","author":"Sparrow M. J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"NZ Med J"}],"container-title":["Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.3109%2F00016349709047786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00016349709047786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:55:56Z","timestamp":1749452156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.3109\/00016349709047786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00016349709047786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016349709047786","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6349","1600-0412"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-6349"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0412"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}