{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:14:11Z","timestamp":1792178051451,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study documents the mental health status of people from Burmese refugee backgrounds recently arrived in Australia, then examines the contributions of gender, pre-migration and post-migration factors in predicting mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: Structured interviews, including a demographic questionnaire, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Post-migration Living Difficulties Checklist and Hopkins Symptom Checklist assessed pre-migration trauma, post-migration living difficulties, depression, anxiety, somatization and traumatization symptoms in a sample of 70 adults across five Burmese ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Substantial proportions of participants reported psychological distress in symptomatic ranges including: post-traumatic stress disorder (9%), anxiety (20%) and depression (36%), as well as significant symptoms of somatization (37%). Participants reported multiple and severe pre-migration traumas. Post-migration living difficulties of greatest concern included communication problems and worry about family not in Australia. Gender did not predict mental health. Level of exposure to traumatic events and post-migration living difficulties each made unique and relatively equal contributions to traumatization symptoms. Post-migration living difficulties made unique contributions to depression, anxiety and somatization symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: While exposure to traumatic events impacted on participants\u2019 mental well-being, post-migration living difficulties had greater salience in predicting mental health outcomes of people from Burmese refugee backgrounds. Reported rates of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were consistent with a large review of adults across seven western countries. High levels of somatization point to a nuanced expression of distress. Findings have implications for service provision in terms of implementing appropriate interventions to effectively meet the needs of this newly arrived group in Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.543412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T09:27:20Z","timestamp":1297157240000},"page":"299-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Mental Health of Newly Arrived Burmese Refugees in Australia: Contributions of Pre-Migration and Post-Migration Experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia 4059"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Brough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work and Human Services, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Vromans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia 4059"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Asic-Kobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia 4059"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00048674.2010.543412","first-page":"7","volume":"30","author":"Shukla K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forced Migr Rev"},{"key":"bibr2-00048674.2010.543412","unstructured":"2. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Factsheet 60. 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Department of Immigration and Citizenship. DIAC Strategic Plan 2009\u20132012. 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