{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:38:05Z","timestamp":1770478685020,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/00207459508986324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T18:01:38Z","timestamp":1260208898000},"page":"45-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Long Term Beneficial Effects of Weak Electromagnetic Fields in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Reuven","family":"Sandyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, 36 Mill Plain Road, Danbury, CT, 06811, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Services of Touro College, Dix Hills, NY, 11746, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000124504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"699","volume-title":"Principles of neurology, 3rd Edition","author":"Adams R. D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adams R. D., Victor M. Principles of neurology, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York 1985; 699\u2013717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458508985598"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The pineal gland and cancer","author":"Angeli A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Angeli A., Gatti G., Sartori M. L., DelPonte D., Garagnola R. Effect of exogenous melatonin on human natural killer (NK) cell activity: an approach to the immunomodulatory role of the pineal gland. The pineal gland and cancer, D. Gupta, A. Attanasio, R. J. Reiter. Brain Research Promotion, London 1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3850.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90677-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1017361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.6.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330370061034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.8.1119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function","author":"Blackman C. F","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blackman C. F. Stimulation of brain tissue in vitro by extremely low frequency, low intensity, sinusoidal electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function, M. E. O'Connor, R. H. Lovely. Alan R. Liss, New York 1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Advances in neurology","author":"Bodis-Wollner I.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bodis-Wollner I., Onofrj M. The visual system in Parkinson's disease. Advances in neurology, M. D. Yahr, K. J. Bergmann. Raven Press, New York 1986; 323\u2013327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Research progress in parkinson's disease","author":"Bodis-Wollner I.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bodis-Wollner I., Yahr M. D., Thomton J. Visual evoked potentials and the seventy of Parkinson's disease. Research progress in parkinson's disease, F. C. Rose, R. Capildeo. Pitman Medical, Kent 1981; 126\u2013146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"The pineal gland: endocrine aspects","author":"Bradbury A. J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bradbury A. J., Kelly M. E., Smith J. A. Melatonin action in the mid-brain can regulate dopamine function both behaviourally and biochemically. The pineal gland: endocrine aspects, G. M. Brown, S. D. Wainwright. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1985; 327\u2013332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1964.tb04718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Multiple sclerosis progress in research","author":"Camegie P. R","year":"1972","unstructured":"Camegie P. R. Relationship of methylarginine to the main encephalitogenic determinant and some speculative implications for multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis progress in research, E. J. Field, T. M. Bell, P. R. Camegie. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam 1972; 63\u201369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.6.715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.8.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"292","volume-title":"Neuroimmune interactions: proceedings of the second international workshop on neuroimmunomodulation","author":"Devoino L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Devoino L., Idova G., Alprina E., Cheido M. Distribution of immunocompetent cells underlying psychoneuroimmunomodulation. Brain neuromediator control mechanisms. Neuroimmune interactions: proceedings of the second international workshop on neuroimmunomodulation, B. D. Jankovic, B. M. Markovic, N. H. Spector. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1987; 496: 292\u2013300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/296253a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306782a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60611-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.3.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91118-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Research progress in parkinson's disease","author":"Gawel M. J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gawel M. J., Das P., Vincent S. Visual and auditory evoked responses in Parkinson's disease. Research progress in parkinson's disease, F. C. Rose, R. Capildeo. Pitman Medical, Kent 1981; 138\u2013146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Recent advances in clinical neurology","author":"Halliday A. M","year":"1978","unstructured":"Halliday A. M. Clinical applications of evoked potentials. Recent advances in clinical neurology, W. B. Matthews, G. H. Glaser. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1978; 47\u201373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01367510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.78.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90059-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01258656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control","volume":"52","author":"Jacobs B. L","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobs B. L. Serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991; 52: 17\u201323, (12, suppl)","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Serotonin, motor activity and depression-related disorders","volume":"82","author":"Jacobs B. L","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jacobs B. L. Serotonin, motor activity and depression-related disorders. American Scientist 1994; 82: 456\u2013463","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Jankovic B. D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jankovic B. D., Isakovic K., Petrovic S. Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat. Immunology 1970; 18: 1\u20135","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Amino acid determinations in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"Kisser W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kisser W., Harrer G. Amino acid determinations in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1974; 86: 80\u201382","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1963.204.5.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.7.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90710-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91557-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Determination of serotonin content and ceruloplasmin activity of blood and CSF amino acid level in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Luca N.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Luca N., Hategan D. Determination of serotonin content and ceruloplasmin activity of blood and CSF amino acid level in multiple sclerosis. Reveu Roumania Medica Neurologica Psychiatrica 1986; 24: 153\u2013159","journal-title":"Reveu Roumania Medica Neurologica Psychiatrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Fundamentals and clinics in pineal research","author":"Maestroni G. J. M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maestroni G. J. M., Conti A., Pierpaoli W. Melatonin counteracts the effect of acute stress on the immune system via an opiatergic system. Fundamentals and clinics in pineal research, G. P. Trentini, C. De Gaetani, P. Pevet. Raven Press, New York 1987b; 277\u2013279"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Transmitter release induced by injection of calcium ions into nerve terminals","volume":"183","author":"Miledi R","year":"1973","unstructured":"Miledi R. Transmitter release induced by injection of calcium ions into nerve terminals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences 1973; 183: 421\u2013428","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.7.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-111-27832"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91510-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458808985701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90280-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Chronic experimental allergic optic neuritis","volume":"20","author":"Rao N. A","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rao N. A. Chronic experimental allergic optic neuritis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 1981; 20: 159\u2013172","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"L-5-hydroxytrophan in the cerebelalr syndrome treatment","volume":"35","author":"Rascol A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rascol A., Clanet M., Montastruc J. L., Delage W., Guiraud-Chaumeil B. L-5-hydroxytrophan in the cerebelalr syndrome treatment. Biomedicine 1981; 35: 112\u2013113","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.52.070183.004255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6799-4_2","volume-title":"Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmiciry","author":"Reiter R. J","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reiter R. J. Changes in circadian melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of animals exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation: A summary of observations and speculation on their implications. Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmiciry, M. C. Moore-Ede, S. S. Campbell, R. J. Reiter. Birkhauser, Boston 1992; 13\u201327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.262.6.C1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91505-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199209000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199212000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(92)90113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708987133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309024102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","article-title":"Chronic relapsing multiple sclerosis: A case of rapid recovery by application of weak electromagnetic fields","author":"Sandyk R","unstructured":"Sandyk R. Chronic relapsing multiple sclerosis: A case of rapid recovery by application of weak electromagnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience, in press","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459208994783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459509004888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994279"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408987238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90607-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96132-8","volume-title":"Grundriss der neurophysiologie","author":"Schmidt R. F","year":"1972","unstructured":"Schmidt R. F. Grundriss der neurophysiologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1972; 83\u201387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(83)90129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6799-4_4","volume-title":"Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmicity","author":"Semm P","year":"1992","unstructured":"Semm P. Pineal function in mammals and birds is altered by earth-strengh magnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmicity, M. C. Moore-Ede, S. S. Campbell, R. J. Reiter. Birkhauser, Boston 1992; 53\u201342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90036-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(86)90037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Therapeutic claims in multiple sclerosis","author":"Sibley W. A","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sibley W. A. Therapeutic claims in multiple sclerosis. Demos Publications, New York 1992; 15"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(94)90060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","first-page":"348","volume-title":"Electrodiagnosis in clinical neurology","author":"Sokol S","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sokol S. Visual evoked potentials. Electrodiagnosis in clinical neurology, M. J. Aminoff. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1980; 348\u2013369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.7.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01047163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.12.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Regression de l'ataxie cerebelleuse humaine sous administration a long terme de 5-hydroxytryptophan","volume":"292","author":"Trouillas P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Trouillas P., Gaval P., Robert J. M., Adeleine P., Jouvet M. Regression de l'ataxie cerebelleuse humaine sous administration a long terme de 5-hydroxytryptophan. C.R. Academie Science (Paris) 1981; 292: 111\u2013119","journal-title":"C.R. Academie Science (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90329-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Advances in neurology. Functional recovery in neurological disease","author":"Waxman S. G","year":"1988","unstructured":"Waxman S. G. Clinical course and electrophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Advances in neurology. Functional recovery in neurological disease, S. G. Waxman. Raven Press, New York 1988; Vol. 47: 157\u2013184"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland","volume":"50","author":"Welker H. A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Welker H. A., Semm P., Willig R. P., Commentz J. C., Wiltschko W., Vollrath L. Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Experimental Brain Research 1983; 50: 426\u2013432","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250070213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(89)90018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6799-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00611091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90588-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123513"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00207459508986324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T09:47:50Z","timestamp":1770371270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/00207459508986324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00207459508986324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207459508986324","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7454","1543-5245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7454","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}