{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:05:20Z","timestamp":1772708720772,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/00207459608986699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1260208786000},"page":"67-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment With Weak Electromagnetic Fields Attenuates Carbohydrate Craving in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Reuven","family":"Sandyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCommunication Research Laboratories, 36 Mill Plain Road, Danbury, CT, 06811, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Services of Touro College, Dix Hills, NY, 11746, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.5.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.6.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Narcolepsy","author":"Bell I. R","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bell I. R. Diet histories in narcolepsy. Narcolepsy, C. Guilleminault, W. C. Dement, P. Passouant. Spectrum, New York 1976; 221\u2013227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810050083013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(84)90098-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197211000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.1980.61.s280.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530300077013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.6.715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050230052017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02308084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The premenstrual syndrome","author":"Dalton K","year":"1964","unstructured":"Dalton K. The premenstrual syndrome. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL 1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.8.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90527-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(85)90294-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4059.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(73)90044-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113188"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.11.1603a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(84)90002-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.1.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.7.1419"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.6.884"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01258656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Jankovic B. D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jankovic B. D., Isakovic K., Petrovic S. Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat. Immunology 1970; 18: 1\u20135","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.3.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Fundamentals of human neuropsychology","author":"Kolb B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kolb B., Whishaw I. Q. Fundamentals of human neuropsychology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1990; 455\u2013456"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(88)90102-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(90)90048-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"On the time of onset in multiple sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Kurtzke J. F","year":"1965","unstructured":"Kurtzke J. F. On the time of onset in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 1965; 44: 140\u2013158","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Epidemiology of neurologic and sense organ disorders","author":"Kurtzke J. F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kurtzke J. F., Kurland L. T., Goldberg I. D. Multiple sclerosis. Epidemiology of neurologic and sense organ disorders, L. T. Kurland, J. F.J. F. Kurtzke, D. Goldberg. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Recent advances in clinical neurology","author":"Lance J. W","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lance J. W. Migraine. Recent advances in clinical neurology, W. B. Matthews, G. H. Glaser. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1978; 145\u2013161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Brain monoamines and peptides: role in the control of eating behaviour","volume":"45","author":"Leibowitz S. F","year":"1986","unstructured":"Leibowitz S. F. Brain monoamines and peptides: role in the control of eating behaviour. Federation Proceedings 1986; 45: 1396\u20131403","journal-title":"Federation Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Hypothalamic serotonin: pharmacological, biochemical, and behavioral analyses of its feeding-suppressive action","volume":"11","author":"Leibowitz S. F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Leibowitz S. F., Weiss G. F., Shor-Posner G. Hypothalamic serotonin: pharmacological, biochemical, and behavioral analyses of its feeding-suppressive action. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1988; 11: S51\u2013S71, (suppl, 1)","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91439-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199102000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3798117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"404","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment, second Edition","author":"Lezak M. D","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lezak M. D. Neuropsychological assessment, second Edition. Oxford University Press, New York 1983; 404\u2013405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.3.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.6.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The effect of L-tryptophan on seasonal affective disorder","volume":"51","author":"McGrath R. E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"McGrath R. E., Buckwald B., Resnick E. V. The effect of L-tryptophan on seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1990; 51: 161\u2013163","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.7.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91598-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91271-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Advances in the biosciences: serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function","author":"Oliveras J. L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Oliveras J. L., Besson J. M. Serotonin, stimulation-produced analgesia and spinal mechanisms of antinociceplion. Advances in the biosciences: serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function, P. B. Bradley, S. L. Handley, S. J. Cooper, B. J. Key, N. M. Barnes, J. H. Coote. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1992; vol. 85: 383\u2013406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine","volume":"50","author":"O'Rourke D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"O'Rourke D., Wurtman J. J., Wurtman R. J., Chebli R., Gleason R. Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1989; 50: 343\u2013347","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458808985701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.6.1544540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90670-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90014-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Nutrition and the brain","author":"Rosenthal N. E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rosenthal N. E., Heffernan M. M. Bulimia, carbohydrate craving, and depression: a central connection?. Nutrition and the brain, R. J. Wurtman, J. J. Wurtman. Raven Press, New York 1986; vol. 7: 139\u2013166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy","author":"Rosenthal N. E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rosenthal N. E., Sack D. A., James S. P., Parry B. L., Mendelson W. B., Tamarkin L., Wehr T. A. Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy. 1984, Presented at the New York Academy of Sciences, November, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769S","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.2.769","article-title":"Neuroanatomies and neurotransmitter influences on immune function","volume":"135","author":"Roszman T. L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Roszman T. L., Jackson J. C., Cross R. J., Titus M. J., Markesbery W. R., Brooks W. H. Neuroanatomies and neurotransmitter influences on immune function. Journal of Immunology 1985; 135: 769S\u2013772S","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708987133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"The pineal gland and multiple sclerosis. (Editorial)","volume":"63","author":"Sandyk R","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sandyk R. The pineal gland and multiple sclerosis. (Editorial). International Journal of Neuroscience 1992b; 63: 206\u2013215","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459508999803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459208994783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994279"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459509004888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459108985440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050210065016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(83)90129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/288607a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(86)90037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048800300204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90052-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.7.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.12.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/16.CN_suppl_1.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(89)90002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Does the multiple-sclerosis syndrome begin at puberty?","volume":"12","author":"Wainerdi H. R","year":"1961","unstructured":"Wainerdi H. R. Does the multiple-sclerosis syndrome begin at puberty?. Boston Medical Quarterly 1961; 12: 44\u201347","journal-title":"Boston Medical Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100042815"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100044322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.32.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.7.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Biochenical and medical aspects of tryptophan metabolism","author":"Wurtman R. J","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wurtman R. J. Nutritional control of brain tryptophan and serotonin. Biochenical and medical aspects of tryptophan metabolism, O. Hayashi, Y. Ishimura, R. Kido. Elsevier\/North Holland, Amsterdam 1980; 31\u201346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0482-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90400-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69594-0_2","volume-title":"The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa","author":"Wurtman R. J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wurtman R. J., Wurtman J. J. Nutritional control of central neurotransmitters. The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa, K. M. Pirke, D. Ploog. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1984a; 4\u201311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69594-0_3","volume-title":"The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa","author":"Wurtman R. J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wurtman R. J., Wurtman J. J. Impaired control of appetite for carbohydrates in some patients with eating disorders: treatment with pharmacologic agents. The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa, K. M. Pirke, D. Ploog. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1984b; 12\u201321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0189-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06841-3","article-title":"Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Wurtman R. J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wurtman R. J., Hefti F., Melamed E. Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis. Pharmacological Reviews 1981; 32: 315\u2013335","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198123)1:1<2::AID-EAT2260010102>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198502)4:1<89::AID-EAT2260040110>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Nutrition and the bruin","author":"Young S. N","year":"1986","unstructured":"Young S. N. The clinical psychopharmacology of tryptophan. Nutrition and the bruin, R. J. Wurtman, J. J. Wurtman. Raven Press, New York 1986; vol. 7: 49\u201388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","first-page":"1160","article-title":"Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on nocturnal melatonin secretion in humans","volume":"76","author":"Zimmermann R. C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zimmermann R. C., McDougle C. J., Schumacher M., Olcese J., Mason J. W., Heninger G. R., Price L. H. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on nocturnal melatonin secretion in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1993; 76: 1160\u20131164","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00207459608986699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:13:48Z","timestamp":1772705628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/00207459608986699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00207459608986699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207459608986699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7454","1543-5245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7454","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}}}