{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:41:05Z","timestamp":1772754065024,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/00207459709000637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T17:59:04Z","timestamp":1260208744000},"page":"177-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Treatment with Electromagnetic Fields Reverses the Long-Term Clinical Course of a Patient with Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Reuven","family":"Sandyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rehabilitation Services ofTouro College, Dix Hills, NY, 11746, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1981.61.2.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(81)90043-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"The pineal gland and cancer","author":"Augeli A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Augeli A., Gatti G., Sartori M. L., DelPonte D., Garagnola R. Effect of exogenous melatonin on human natural killer (NK) cell activity: an approach to the immunomodulatory role of the pineal gland. The pineal gland and cancer, D. Gupta, A. Attanasio, R. J. Reiter. Brain Research Promotion, London 1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3850.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90677-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.9_Part_2.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1017361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.6.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(89)90006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330370061034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Hippocampal evoked potentials and convulsive activity after electrolytic lesions of the pineal body in chronic experiments in rabbits","volume":"49","author":"Bindoni M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bindoni M., Rizzo R. Hippocampal evoked potentials and convulsive activity after electrolytic lesions of the pineal body in chronic experiments in rabbits. Archives of Science and Biology 1965; 49: 223\u2013233","journal-title":"Archives of Science and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function","author":"Blackman C. F","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blackman C. F. Stimulation of brain tissue in vitro by extremely low frequency, low intensity. sinusoidal electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function, M. E. O'Connor, R. H. Lovely. Alan R. Liss, New York 1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7256258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1964.tb04718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4022.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devoino L. Idova G. Alperina E. Cheido M. (1987) Distribution of immunocompetent cells underlying psychoneuroimmunomodulation. Brain neuromediator control mechanisms. Neuroimmune interactions. Proceedings of the second international workshop on neuroimmunomodulation. 1987 B. D. Jankovic B. M. Markovic N. H. Spector. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 496: 292\u2013300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35777.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Multiple sclerosis; current status of research and treatment","author":"Ellison G. W.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ellison G. W., Myers L. W., Tourtellotte W. W., Baumhefner R. W. Status of immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis; current status of research and treatment, R. M. Herndon, F. J. Seil. Demos Publications, New York 1994; 175\u2013187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.3.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Serotonin in health and disease: the central nervous system","author":"Essman W. B","year":"1978","unstructured":"Essman W. B. Serotonin in seizures and seizure disorders. Serotonin in health and disease: the central nervous system, W. B. Essman. Spectrum, New York 1978; vol. 3: 317\u2013401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520380066014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)00043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198529010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Psychoneuroimmunology","author":"Hall N. R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hall N. R., Goldstein A. L. Neurotransmitters and the immune system. Psychoneuroimmunology, R. Ader. Academic Press, San Diego 1981; 521\u2013543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689108400201"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control","volume":"52","author":"Jacobs B. L","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobs B. L. Serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control. Journal of Clinical Psychiatiy 1991; 52(12, suppl)17\u201323","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatiy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Serotonin, motor activity and depression-related disorders","volume":"82","author":"Jacobs B. L","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jacobs B. L. Serotonin, motor activity and depression-related disorders. American Scientist 1994; 82: 456\u2013463","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Jankovic B. D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jankovic B. D., Isakovic K., Petrovic S. Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat. Immunology 1970; 18: 1\u20135","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.7.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: early prognostic guidelines","volume":"30","author":"Kraft G. H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kraft G. H., Freal J. E., Coryell J. K. Multiple sclerosis: early prognostic guidelines. Journal of Chronic Disease 1977; 30: 819\u2013830","journal-title":"Journal of Chronic Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(77)90010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.6.2665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90863-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199107000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.1993.14.issue-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1994.tb00129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1988.tb03611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121744"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.12.1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-111-27832"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91451-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(79)90004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation: some recent views and findings","volume":"39","author":"Pierpaoli W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pierpaoli W., Maestroni G. J. M. Neuroimmunomodulation: some recent views and findings. InternationalJournalofNeuroscience 1988; 39: 25\u201333","journal-title":"InternationalJournalofNeuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198811000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90280-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-148-38534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-92-5-1426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(68)90084-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.59.3.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(92)90113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708987133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459508999803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459508986324"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459608999814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","article-title":"Immediate recovery of cognitive functions and resolution of fatigue by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields in a patient with multiple sclerosis","author":"Sandyk R","unstructured":"Sandyk R. Immediate recovery of cognitive functions and resolution of fatigue by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields in a patient with multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","article-title":"Influence of the pineal gland on the expression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Possible relationship to the acquisition of multiple sclerosis","author":"Sandyk R","unstructured":"Sandyk R. Influence of the pineal gland on the expression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Possible relationship to the acquisition of multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459208994783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459308994278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6799-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90036-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(86)90037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(94)90060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90575-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1041504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Secretion of growth hormone, prolactin and corticosteroids during different levels of geomagnetic activity","volume":"5","author":"Stoupel E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Stoupel E., Keret R., Assa S., Kaufman H., Shimshoni M., Laron Z. Secretion of growth hormone, prolactin and corticosteroids during different levels of geomagnetic activity. Neuroendocrine Letters 1983; 5: 365","journal-title":"Neuroendocrine Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.7.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22029-8","article-title":"Psychopharmacological effects of melatonin in mouse and rat","volume":"227","author":"Sugden D","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sugden D. Psychopharmacological effects of melatonin in mouse and rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1983; 227: 587\u2013591","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00508-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland","volume":"50","author":"Welker H. A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Welker H. A., Semm P., Willig R. P., Commentz J. C., Wiltschko W., Vollrath L. Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Experimental Brain Research 1983; 50: 426\u2013432","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ultrastructural permeability properties of cerebral microvasculature under normal and experimental conditions after applications of tracers","volume":"28","author":"Westergaard E","year":"1980","unstructured":"Westergaard E. Ultrastructural permeability properties of cerebral microvasculature under normal and experimental conditions after applications of tracers. Advances in Neurology 1980; 28: 55\u201374","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250070213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(89)90018-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6799-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"Neurobiology of disease","author":"Whitaker J. N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Whitaker J. N., Benveniste E. N. Demyelinating diseases. Neurobiology of disease, A. L. Pearlman, R. C. Collins. Oxford University Press, New York 1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(91)90066-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00611091"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3109\/00207459709000637","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1772714468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/00207459709000637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3109\/00207459709000637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207459709000637","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7454","1543-5245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7454","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}