{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:52:58Z","timestamp":1762998778975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pathologyjournal.rcpa.edu.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.3109\/00313020903257723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,10]],"date-time":"2009-12-10T06:29:42Z","timestamp":1260426582000},"page":"681-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epidemiological analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Janice C.K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiu-Wai","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Yu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence K.M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice Y.C.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608223350803","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada","volume":"335","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.937-942.2003","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of invasive and noninvasive group A streptococcal isolates in Hong Kong","volume":"41","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1086\/379050","article-title":"Array of M protein gene subtypes in 1064 recent invasive group A streptococcus isolates recovered from the active bacterial core surveillance","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1086\/514567","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in Taiwan is not associated with the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes","volume":"26","author":"Hsueh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0025","first-page":"201","article-title":"Severe Streptococcus pyogenes infection, United Kingdom, 2003-2004","volume":"14","author":"Lamgni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1086\/519936","article-title":"Molecular and clinical characteristics of invasive group A streptococcal infection in Sweden","volume":"45","author":"Darenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1086\/521264","article-title":"The epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infection and potential vaccine implications: United States, 2000-2004","volume":"45","author":"O\u2019Loughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01626-07","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Denmark during 2003 and 2004","volume":"46","author":"Luca-Harari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.3.411","article-title":"Bacterial pyrogenic exotoxins as superantigens","volume":"8","author":"Kotb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470","article-title":"Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections","volume":"13","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.585","article-title":"Relation between low capacity of human sera to inhibit streptococcal mitogens and serious manifestation of disease","volume":"170","author":"Norrby-Teglund","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1086\/444505","article-title":"Prospects for a group A streptococcal vaccine: rationale, feasibility, and obstacles - report of a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop","volume":"41","author":"Bisno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1086\/444458","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of 26-valent group A streptococcus vaccine in healthy adult volunteers","volume":"41","author":"McNeil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.953-958.1996","article-title":"Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci","volume":"34","author":"Beall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.186-192.2004","article-title":"Characterization of group C and G streptococcal strains that cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Hashikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3523-3534.2000","article-title":"Genetic relatedness and superantigen expression in group A streptococcus serotype M1 isolates from patients with severe and nonsevere invasive diseases","volume":"68","author":"Chatellier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 17th Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S17. Wayne, PA: CLSI, 2007.","key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0085"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964407","article-title":"The resurgence of group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.020745","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease: risk factors for adults","volume":"9","author":"Factor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70190-0","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease: should close contacts routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis?","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.040900","article-title":"Risk factors for pediatric invasive group A streptococcal disease","volume":"11","author":"Factor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880700917X","article-title":"High burden of invasive \u00df-haemolytic streptococcal infections in Fiji","volume":"136","author":"Steer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46243-0","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of group A streptococci recovered from patients in China","volume":"55","author":"Jing","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00513-07","article-title":"emm types, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistace of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Italy: what has changed in 11 years?","volume":"45","author":"Creti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01821.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Germany, 1996-2002: results from a voluntary laboratory surveillance system","volume":"13","author":"Wahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807007984","article-title":"Distribution of emm genotypes among group A streptococcus isolates from patients with severe invasive streptococcal infections in Japan, 2001-2005","volume":"135","author":"Ikebe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2171-2177.2002","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a 26-Valent group A streptococcal vaccine","volume":"70","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01163-06","article-title":"Group A streptococci from invasive-disease episodes in Poland are remarkably divergent at the molecular level","volume":"44","author":"Szczypa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1086\/379230","article-title":"Toxin-gene profile heterogeneity among endemic invasive European group A streptococcal isolates","volume":"188","author":"Schmitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46825-0","article-title":"Phenotypes and genotypes of macrolide-resistance Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Seoul, Korea","volume":"56","author":"Bae","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46481-0","article-title":"Superantigen gene profile, emm type and antibiotic resistance genes among group A streptococcal isolates from Barcelona, Spain","volume":"55","author":"Rivera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0359-4","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Hungary obtained in 2004 and 2005","volume":"26","author":"Krucs\u00f3","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3109\/00313020903257723_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00983.x","article-title":"Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from Chinese children with scarlet fever","volume":"97","author":"Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302516319298?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302516319298?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:12:52Z","timestamp":1758471172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031302516319298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031302516319298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00313020903257723","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3025"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-3025"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiological analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Hong Kong","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00313020903257723","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}